Electromagnetic Waves Class 12 Notes Chapter 8 1. Displacement Current The current which comes into play m the region in which the electric field and the electric flux is changing with time. It is given by2. Need for Displacement Current Ampere’s circuital law for conduction current during charging of a capacitor was found inconsistent. Therefore, Maxwell modified Ampere’s … [Read more...]

Alternating Current Class 12 Notes Chapter 7 1. Alternating Current (AC) It is the current which varies in both magnitude as well as direction alternatively and periodically. I = I0 sin ωt or I = I0 cosωt where, I0 = peak value or maximum value of AC. 2. Effective Value or rms Value of AC It is defined as the value of AC over a complete cycle which would generate same amount … [Read more...]

Communication Systems Class 12 Notes Chapter 15 Topic 1 Communication 1. Communication Communication is the act of transmission and reception of information. 2. Communication System A system comprises of transmitter, communication channel and receiver. A block diagram of a generalised communication system is shown as below:3. Transmitter It consists of transducer/signal … [Read more...]

Electromagnetic Induction Class 12 Notes Chapter 6 1. Magnetic Flux The magnetic flux linked with any surface is equal to total number of magnetic lines of force passing normally through it. It is a scalar quantity.2. The phenomenon of generation of current or emf by changing the magnetic flux is known as Electromagnetic Induction EMI). 3. Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic … [Read more...]

Semiconductor Electronic: Material, Devices And Simple Circuits Class 12 Notes Class 12 Notes Chapter 14 1. Metals They possess very low resistivity or high conductivity. ρ ~ 10-2.10-8 Ωm, σ ~102. 108 Sm-1 2. Semiconductors They have resistivity or conductivity intermediate to metals and insulators. ρ ~ 10-5. 106 Ωm, σ ~ 10+5 .10-6 Sm-1 Types of Semiconductors Types of … [Read more...]