CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology Set 9 with Solutions

Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology with Solutions Set 9 are designed as per the revised syllabus.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology Set 9 with Solutions

Time: 3Hrs.
Max. Marks: 70

General Instructions

1. All questions are compulsory except where internal choice has been given.
2. Question Nos. 1-14 in Section A carry 1 mark each. You are expected to answer them as directed.
3. Question Nos. 15-19 in Section B are Very Short Answer Type Questions carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
4. Question Nos. 20-23 in Section C are Short Answer Type Questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
5. Question Nos. 24-27 in Section D are Long Answer Type-I Questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
6. Question Nos. 28-29 in Section E are Long Answer Type-II Questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words.
7. Question Nos. 30-33 in Section F are based on two cases given. Answer to each 1 mark question should not exceed 20 words. Answer to each 2 marks question should not exceed 30 words.

Section A
Multiple Choice Questions (Each Que. carries 1 M)

Question 1.
Priyanka is considered as a gifted child who shows early signs of intellectual superiority since childhood, she shows larger attention span, good recognition memory, sensitivity to environmental changes, and early appearance of language skills.
What type of traits a gifted child possesses with? (1)
I. Advanced logical thinking !
II. High level of intrinsic motivation
III. Solitary academic activities
IV. Passive generalisation

Choose the correct option.
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) I, II and III
(d) II and IV
Answer:
(c) I, II and III

Question 2.
The most popular therapy across the world is the Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT). CBT is a short and efficacious treatment for a wide range of psychological disorders. Name the approach that is adopted in the Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT). (1)
(a) Psychological
(b) Bio-psychosocial
(c) Existential
(d) Client-focussed
Answer:
(b) Bio-psychosocial

Question 3.
Which among the following provides us necessary information that may be used to change, modify, or strengthen certain aspects of self? (1)
(a) Self-instruction
(b) Self-reinforcement
(c) Observation of others’ behaviour
(d) Observation of our own behaviour
Answer:
(d) Observation of our own behaviour

Question 4.
In the following question, a statement of
Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of the Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option.
Assertion (A) Roger’s basic principle is that people have tendency to maximize self-concept through self-actualisation. Reason (R) Discrepancy between the real self and ideal self often result in unhappiness and dissatisfaction.

Codes
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

Question 5.
Personal identity refers to (1)
(a) the sense of self-awareness and continuity over time.
(b) attributes of a person that make him or her different from others.
(c) the collection of memories, experiences, and beliefs that shape an individual.
(d) a person’s attributes which help them associate and relate to social or cultural group.
Answer:
(b) attributes of a person that make him or her different from others.

Question 6.
In the following question, a statement of
Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of the Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option. (1)
Assertion (A) Social behaviour is a necessary part of human life, and being social means much more than merely being in the company of others.
Reason (R) Because of social influences, people form views, or attitudes about people, and about different issues in life, that exist in the form of behavioural tendencies. Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

Question 7.
A person may complain that an arm or a leg has become paralysed is sign of (i)
(a) Dissociative disorder
(b) Panic disorder
(c) Mood disorder
(d) Conversion disorder
Answer:
(d) Conversion disorder

Question 8.
Rubeena is considered poor in studies and sports activities. However, her teacher suggests that her success in life is not associated with (1)
(a) Personality
(b) High Test Score
(c) Intelligence Test Score
(d) Cognitive Performance Test
Answer:
(c) Intelligence Test Score

Question 9.
In the following question, a statement of
Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option. (1)
Assertion (A) When you say, “I know who I am”, the self is being described as a knower as well as something that can be known.
Reason (R) As a subject (actor) the self actively engages in the process of knowing itself. As an object (consequence) the self gets observed and comes to be known.

Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Question 10.
Which movement is given credit for the growth of a scientific attitude towards psychological disorders in the eighteenth century? (1)
(a) Psychological movement
(b) Reform movement
(c) Infrastructural development
(d) Industrial development
Answer:
(b) Reform movement

Question 11.
The signs of stress includes and ……. which if left unresolved, might have serious implications. (1)
I. frequent and long sleep
II. lack of concentration
III. emotional stubbornness
IV. memory loss Choose the correct option.

(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) I, II and III
(d) II and IV
Answer:
(d) II and IV

Question 12.
therapy focuses on the actions and thoughts of the client in the present. (1)
(a) Behaviour
(b) Humanistic
(c) Clinical
(d) Psychodynamic
Answer:
(a) Behaviour

Question 13.
The feature which refers to the number of attributes within a broader attitude is (1)
(a) valence
(b) multiplexity
(c) centrality
(d) extremeness
Answer:
(b) multiplexity

Question 14.
Vinita has 9-5 job in a multi-national company and two children to take care of. She passionately does her job and also helps her kids in doing homework.
Now she feels tired and plans to do work from home. Name the stimulus event that disturbs and exceeds a person’s ability to cope. (1)
(a) Strength
(b) Stress
(c) Strain
(d) Disorder
Answer:
(b) Stress

Section B
Very Short Answer Type Questions (Each Que. carries 2 M)

Question 15.
One day while driving home, Deb felt his heart beating rapidly, he started sweating profusely and even felt short of breath. He was so scared that he stopped the car and stepped out. Identify the type of disorder he is suffering. (2)
Answer:
Deb is suffering from anxiety disorder, which is usually defined as a diffuse, vague, very unpleasant feeling of fear and apprehension. The other common symptoms includes rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, fainting, dizziness, sweating, sleeplessness. frequent urination and tremors.

Question 16.
Raman is known for his ability to solve and sort out various problems using his past experiences. It is also reflected in creative performance. Name the skills persons like him, high on this aspect and how quickly they find out solution in a given situation. (2)
Answer:
Experiental or Creative intelligence is involved in using past experiences creatively to solve novel problems. It is an ability which integrate different experiences in an original way. Persons included in this types of intelligence quickly find out the information which is crucial in given situation.

Or

Gautam is very sensitive towards his feelings and emotions. He also controls his emotions and expressions while dealing with others. Name the other two traits of Emotionally Intelligent Person. (2)
Answer:
The other two traits of Emotionally Intelligent Person are

• Perceive and be sensitive to various types of emotions in others by noting their body language, voice and tone and facial expressions.
• Understanding the powerful influence of the nature and intensity of one’s own and other’s emotions.

Question 17.
What role does a ‘message’ play in bringing about attitude change? (2)
Answer:
The message is the information that is presented in order to bring about an attitude change. Attitudes will change when the amount of information that is given about the topic is just enough, neither too much nor too little. Whether the message contains a rational or an emotional appeal, also makes a difference.

Question 18.
How several aspects of self are linked to the characteristic features of the culture? (2)
Answer:
Several aspects of self, like boundaries and relationship with others, are shaped by cultural views. In Western cultures, boundaries between self and others are fixed, while Indian Culture sees boundaries as fluid, influencing individual and group identities differently.

Question 19.
What is linguistic intelligence? (2)
Answer:
Linguistic intelligence is the capacity to use language fluently and flexibly to express one’s thinking and understand others. Persons included in this type of intelligence are ‘word-smart’ i.e. they are sensitive to different shades of word meanings, can articulate and can create linguistic images in their mind.

Section C
Short Answer Type Questions (Each Que. carries3 M)

Question 20.
Sangeeta is someone, who is afraid to travel in a lift or climb to the tenth floor of a building. She is extremely fearful of heights. What do we call such abnormal behaviour? (3)
Answer:
The abnormal behaviour of Sangeeta is termed as phobias. It is an extreme, irrational fear of a specific object or situation. A phobia is classified as a type of anxiety disorder, since anxiety is the chief symptom experienced by the sufferer. Phobias are thought to be learned emotional responses.

People who have phobias have irrational fears related to specific objects, people or situations. Phobias often develop gradually or begin with a generalised anxiety disorder. Phobias can be grouped into three main types i.e. specific phobias, social phobias and agoraphobia.

Question 21.
What are the three characteristics of stress-resistant personalities according to Kobasa’s research, known as the
‘three Cs’? (1×3 = 3)
Answer:
Tire three characteristics of stress-resistant personalities, identified by Kobasa are commitment, control and challenge.
Commitment entails a strong sense of purpose in life, including dedication to work, family, hobbies and social life.
Control involves feeling empowered to direct one’s life.
Challenge refers to viewing life changes positively rather than as threats, fostering resilience in the face of stress.

Question 22.
Om Prakash is a Passport issuing officer.
He is known as a corrupt and greedy government employee. He treats people according to his/her capacity to pay him bribe to get their work done. When there is some external pressure, he surprisingly works honestly. .

Explain how consistency in behaviour, thought and emotion of an individual across situations and across time periods characterises her/his personality? (3)
Answer:
In psychological terms, personality refers to our characteristic ways of responding to individuals and situations. People do show variations in their behaviour. As we can see in the personality traits of Om Prakash, who treats people differently on the basis of their capacity. One is not always cautious or impulsive, shy or friendly. Personality characterises individuals as they appear in most circumstances.

For example, an honest person is more likely to remain honest irrespective of time or situation. However, situational variations in behaviour do occur as they help individuals in adapting to their environmental circumstances.

Therefore, consistency in behaviour, thought and emotion of an individual across situations and across time periods characterises her/his personality.

Or

Sandra, a 20 year old medical student is described as kind, caring and loyal. She prefers watching movies and reading rather than going out to a party.
Sandra works hard, studying medicine at university and volunteers to help children with autism. What types of characteristics and features does she posses? (3)
Answer:
Sandra basically adheres or occupies a term called ‘personality’. In psychological terms, personality refers to our characteristic ways of responding to individuals and situations. In this case, an individual, like Sandra’s charming and helping nature personality appeared, people can easily describe about her the way she responds to various situations.

However for a layperson, personality generally refers to the physical or external appearance of an individual. For example, when we find someone beautiful, we considers that person also has healthy and positive personality as it is based on superficial impressions, which may not be correct.

Understanding the personalities of people help us to predict their behaviour in varied circumstances. It also helps us to deal with people in better and acceptable ways.

Question 23.
Hitakshi is a gifted child. She is good at her study, music and painting. What is the difference between talent and giftedness? (3)
Answer:
Giftedness is an exceptional general ability shown in superior performance in a wide variety of areas. Hitakshi performs very well in her study and other extracurricular activities like music and paintings. She shows excellent performance in various fields. Thus, she is considered as a gifted child. Gifted children show early signs of intellectual superiority. Giftedness from the teachers’ point of view depends on a combination of high ability, high creativity and high commitment.

It differs from ‘Talent’. Talent is a narrower term and refers to remarkable ability in a specific field like spiritual social, aesthetic etc. The highly talen- ted children are sometimes called ‘prodigies’.

Section D
Long Answer Type-1 Questions (Each Que. carries 4 M)

Question 24.
Identify the four significant features of attitude. (1×4=4)
Answer:
Four significant features of attitudes are as follows
(i) Valence The valence of an attitude tells us whether an attitude is positive or negative towards the attitude object. For example, on a 5-point scale, Rating Scale, ranging from 1 (very bad) to 5 (very good), if an individual rates her/his view towards nuclear research as 4 or 5, this is clearly a positive attitude. On the other hand, if the rating is 1 or 2, the attitude is negative.

(ii) Extremeness The extremeness of an attitude indicates how positive or negative an attitude of a person is. Giving very good or very bad in the 5-point rating scale is considered as extremeness in attitude.

(iii) Simplicity or Complexity This feature refers to how many attitudes there are within a broader altitude. An attitude system is said to be simple if it contains only one or a few attitudes, and ‘complex’ if it is made up of many attitudes.

(iv) Centrality This refers to the role of a particular attitude in the attitude system.
An attitude with greater centrality’ would influence fhe other attitudes in the system much more than non-central (or peripheral) attitudes would.

Question 25.
Kanika stopped going to school and locked herself in a room, and in case asking about the issue she repeatedly states that she knows that she is going to fail in the term exams and someone is constantly trying to let her down in future. Identify the kind of psychological trauma Kanika is going through and how many types of stress people experiences? (4)
Answer:
Kanika is facing stress in her daily routine life. The common symptoms of stress can be physical, emotional and behavioural. Any of the symptoms can indicate a degree of stress which, if left unresolved, might have serious implications.
There are three major types of stress. These are as follows
(i) Physical and Environmental Stress These are demands that change the state of our body.
We feel strained when we overexert ourselves physically, lack a nutritious diet, suffer an injury, or fail to get enough sleep.

(ii) Psychological Stress These are stresses that we generate ourselves in our minds. These are personal and unique to the person experiencing them and are internal sources of stress.

(iii) Social Stress These are induced externally and result from our interaction with other people.
Social events like death or illness in the family, strained relationships, trouble with neighbours are some examples of social stresses.

Question 26.
Define any four big five factors of Personality. (4)
Answer:
Four big five factors of personality include

• Agreeable This factor characteries people who cares about others, feels empathy, enjoys helping others.
• Conscientiousness It characteries person with high levels of thoughtfulness, good impulse control, goal-directed behaviours.
• Neuroticism It characteries people who are emotionally unstable, anxious, worried, fearful, etc.
• Extraversion It characteries people who have sociability, assertiveness, and high amounts of emotional expressiveness.

Question 27.
Lovelen and Jadon are just briefed by their organisation to get enrolled to participate in the upcoming IQ test Kohs Block Test, where a number of wooden blocks tu be arranged by the candidates. How IQ test is designed in Kohs Block Test? (4)
Answer:
The Kohs Block Test, also known as the Kohs Block Design Test, is a performance test designed to be an IQ Test. It includes, 16 coloured cubes, replicate the patterns displayed on a series of test cards.

A major advantage of performance tests is that they can be easily administered to persons from different cultures. The IQ Test designed as a way that could easily be administered to persons with language or hearing disabilities. The IQ technique is used for psycho-diagnostics, the results of which determine mental abilities and personality traits of a person. The Kohs Block Test is mainly used to test persons with language or hearing handicaps but also given to disadvantaged and non-English speaking children.

Or

Tina in her childhood mostly expressed her creativity through physical activities and in non-verbal ways. In the later years, she fully developed her creativity through verbal modes too. How creativity can be defined? (4)
Answer:
In psychological terms, the creativity can be described as an ability to produce original and unique thoughts, ideas and possibilities, to help solve problems, aid in communication and can also be a form of entertainment.

According to literature, children begin to develop their imagination during the early years of childhood but they express creativity mostly through physical activities and in non-verbal ways. When language and intellectual functions are fully developed and store of knowledge is adequately available, creativity is expressed through verbal modes too.

Those who are outstanding in their creativity may give an indication about the direction in which their creativity lies through their self-chosen activities.

In some cases, however, opportunities need to be provided before they can manifest their hidden potential for creativity.

Section E
Long Answer Type-II Questions (Each Que. carries 6 M)

Question 28.
What is the meaning of group? Write five stages of group formation. (6)
Answer:
A group may be defined as an organised system of two or more interdependent individuals, who have common motives and norms to regulate the behaviour of its members. Tuckman suggested five stages of group formation. These are as follows
(i) Forming When group members meet for first time, a kind of uncertainty is created for achieving group goals. People try to know each other and assess whether they will fit in or not.
There is excitement as well as apprehensions. This stage is called the forming stage.

(ii) Storming After forming stage, there is a stage of intragroup conflict which is referred to as storming. In this stage, there is conflict among members about target, process, performance and control resources. When this stage is complete, some sort of hierarchy of leadership in the group develops.

(iii) Norming The storming stage is followed by another stage known as norming. Group members by this time develop norms related to group behaviour. This leads to development of a positive group identity.

(iv) Performing By this stage, the structure of the group has evolved and is accepted by group members. The group moves towards achieving the group goal. For some groups, this may be the last stage of group development.

(v) Adjourning In this stage, once the function is over, the group may be disbanded. However, all groups’ do not always proceed from one stage to the next in same manner.

Or

Describe influence of group on individual behaviour. (6)
Answer:
Groups are powerful as they are able to influence the behaviour of individuals. Influence of group on individual behaviour are as follows
Social Loafing Social facilitation research suggests that presence of others leads to arousal and can motivate individuals to enhance their performance if they are already good at solving something. This phenomenon has been demonstrated in many group of male students to clap or cheer as loudly as possible because they wanted to know how much noise people make in social settings.

The result revealed that although the total amount of noise rose up, the amount of noise produced by each participant dropped.

Group Polarisation Groups show another tendency referred to as group polarisation. It has been found that groups are more likely to take extreme decisions than individuals alone. Group polarisation focuses on how groups usually make decisions that are more extreme than the original thoughts and views of the individual team members.
For example, suppose you favour capital punishment for heinous crimes and you were interacting this issue with like-minded people. After this interaction, your views may become stronger.

Question 29.
Describe the major kinds of psychotherapies. (3+3)
Answer:
The major kinds of Psychotherapies are
(i) Behaviour Therapy Behaviour therapies postulate that psychological distress arises because of faulty behaviour patterns or thought patterns. It is, therefore, focused on the behaviour and thoughts of the client in the present. Treatment of phobias or excessive and crippling fears would require the use of one set of techniques while that of anger outbursts would require another. A depressed client would be treated differently from a client who is anxious.

(ii) Cognitive Therapy Cognitive therapies locate the cause of psychological distress in irrational thoughts and beliefs. Albert Ellis formulated the Rational Emotive Therapy (RET).

(iii) Humanistic-Existential Therapy It examines existential concerns like loneliness and a lack of meaning in life, promoting self-actualisation as a path to fulfillment. Humanistic-existential therapy advocates for the free expression of emotions, asserting that societal constraints often suppress this essential aspect of self-actualisation. The fear of societal disruption through unrestrained emotional expression is a central concern addressed by this approach. By fostering a supportive environment for emotional authenticity, humanistic-existential therepy aims to empower individuals to navigate life’s challenges with greater resillience and authenticity.

Thus, these psychotherapeutic modalities offer distinct perspectives and techniques to facilities psychological healing arid personal growth, contributing to a holistic approach to mental well-being.

Or

Define Psychotherapy. Write factors that are responsible for healing in Psychotherapy. (2+4)
Answer:
Psychotherapy is a voluntary relationship between the client (patient) and the therapist. The purpose of the relationship is to help the client to solve the psychological problems being faced by her or him. Healing factors include therapist techniques like relaxation and cognitive restructuring. The therapeutic alliance, with regular availability and empathy aids healing. In initial sessions, clients unburden emotional problems, laying the groundwork for progress. There are several factors which contribute to the healing process.

Some of these factors are as follows

1. A major factor in the healing is the techniques adopted by the therapist and the implementation of the same with the patient/client. If the behavioural system and the CBT school are adopted to heal an anxious client, the relaxation procedures and the cognitive restructuring largely contribute to the healing.
2. The therapeutic alliance, which is formed between the therapist and the patient/client, has healing properties, because of the regular availability of the therapist and the warmth and empathy provided by the therapist.
3. At the outset of therapy while the patient/client is being interviewed in the initial sessions to understand the nature of the problem, she/he unburdens the emotional problems being faced.

Section F
Case- Based Questions (Each Case carries Que. of 3 M)

Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow.

Very often people who have been caught in a natural disaster (such as Tsunami) or have been victims of bomb blasts by terrorists, or been in a serious accident or in a war-related situation, experience Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Its symptoms vary widely but may include recurrent dreams, flashbacks, impaired concentration and emotional numbing. Somatic symptom disorder involves a person having persistent body-related symptoms which may or may not be related to any serious medical condition. People with this disorder tend to be overly pre-occupied with their symptoms and they continually worry about their health and make frequent visits to doctors. As a result, they experience significant distress and disturbances in their daily life.

Question 30.
What do you understand by the term ‘PTSD’? Cite some of the characteristics of it. (1)
Answer:
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that is triggered by a terrifying event either experiencing it or witnessing it.

Some of the important characteristics of the post- traumatic stress disorder are flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event.

Question 31.
Describe the two types of disorder that includes in the somatic symptom and related disorders. (2)
Answer:
The two types of disorders that includes in the somatic symptom and related disorders are

• Illness Anxiety Disorder It develops persistant pre-occupation about a serious illness and constantly worrying about it.
• Conversion Disorder The symptoms of conversion disorders are the reported loss of part or all of basic body functions. Paralysis, blindness, deafness and difficulty in walking are some basic symptoms of conversion disorder.

Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow.

Componential intelligence has three components, each serving a different function. First is the knowledge acquisition component, which is responsible for learning and acquisition of the ways of doing things.
The second is the meta or a higher order component, which involves planning concerning what to do and how to do.

The third is the performance component. which involves actually doing things. On the other hand, experiential or creative intelligence is involved in using past experiences creatively to solve novel problems. It is reflected in creative performance. Persons high on this aspect integrate different experiences in an original way to make new discoveries and inventions.

Question 32.
What do you understand by componential or analytical intelligence? (1)
Answer:
Componential or analytical intelligence is the analysis of information to solve problems.
Persons high on this ability think analytically and critically and succeed in schools. It also includes a person’s ability to successfully complete academic tasks, solve analogies and process information.

Question 33.
Who proposed the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence? Explain with its basic components. (1+1)
Answer:
The Triarchic Theory of intelligence was proposed by Robert Sternberg in the 1985s.
The theory attempts to understand the human intelligence in terms of distinct components rather than a single ability. According to this theory, intelligence is composed of three basic components, analytical, creative and practical intelligence.