CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology Set 7 with Solutions

Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology with Solutions Set 7 are designed as per the revised syllabus.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology Set 7 with Solutions

Time: 3Hrs.
Max. Marks: 70

General Instructions

1. All questions are compulsory except where internal choice has been given.
2. Question Nos. 1-14 in Section A carry 1 mark each. You are expected to answer them as directed.
3. Question Nos. 15-19 in Section B are Very Short Answer Type Questions carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
4. Question Nos. 20-23 in Section C are Short Answer Type Questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
5. Question Nos. 24-27 in Section D are Long Answer Type-I Questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
6. Question Nos. 28-29 in Section E are Long Answer Type-II Questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words.
7. Question Nos. 30-33 in Section F are based on two cases given. Answer to each 1 mark question should not exceed 20 words. Answer to each 2 marks question should not exceed 30 words.

Section A
Multiple Choice Questions (Each Que. carries 1 M)

Question 1.
What is the main characteristic of anorexia nervosa? (1)
(a) Excessive eating followed by purging the body of food.
(b) Distorted body image leading to seeing oneself as overweight.
(c) Frequent episodes of out-of-control eating.
(d) Eating at a higher speed than normal and continuing until feeling uncomfortably full.
Answer:
(b) Distorted body image leading to seeing oneself as overweight.

Question 2.
Premsagar was taught skills such as candle making, paper bag making and weaving to help him to form a work discipline. This is known as (1)
(a) positive reinforcement
(b) occupational therapy
(c) alternative therapy
(d) behavioural therapy
Answer:
(b) occupational therapy

Question 3.
Reebika is experiencing stress due to noisy surroundings, commuting, quarrelsome neighbours, electricity and water storage. These sources of stress are called ……………. (1)
(a) life events
(b) hassle
(c) traumatic events
(d) environmental events
Answer:
(b) hassle

Question 4.
Stress can lead to the release of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine, slowing down of the digestive system, expansion of air passages in the lungs, increased heart rate, and constriction of blood vessels. This is an example of effects of stress. (1)
(a) psychological
(b) emotional
(c) physiological
(d) environmental
Answer:
(c) physiological

Question 5.
Which of the following is also experienced during the phallic stage? (1)
(a) Adonis complex
(b) Oedipus complex
(c) Electra complex
(d) Superiority complex
Answer:
(c) Electra complex

Question 6.
The attached to mental illness means that people are hesitant to consult a doctor or psychologist because they are ashamed of their problems. (1)
(a) pride
(b) stigma
(c) fear
(d) norms
Answer:
(b) stigma

Question 7.
Which of the following pathogens can stress a person? (1)
I. Poor nutritional habits
II. Smoking and alcohol abuse
III. Longer sleep
IV. Hallucination

Choose the correct option.
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) I, II and III
(d) II and IV
Answer:
(a) I and II

Question 8.
Although Yamini does quite fair in her studies and extra curriculum activities, but she tries to learn from others especially from her teachers and instructors. Learning by observing others is known as (1)
(a) reciprocal inhibition
(b) vicarious learning
(c) systematic desensitisation
(d) imitational recreation
Answer:
(b) vicarious learning

Question 9.
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the apropriate option.
Assertion (A) Behaviour therapies focus on the present behaviour and thoughts of the client rather than activating or reliving the past.
Reason (R) Behaviour therapy aims to correct faulty behaviour patterns through specific techniques based on the client’s symptoms and clinical diagnosis.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are triie, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are triie, but R is not the correct explanation of A

Question 10.
In the following question, a statement of
Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of the Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option. ;
Assertion (A) Stress has come to be associated with both the causes as well as effects.
Reason (R) The reaction to external stressors is called ‘strain’.

Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A .
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

Question 11.
Randeep puts the work-related issues under the carpet and refuses to accept or face them. This explains that he is the task. (1)
(a) avoiding
(b) procrastinating
(c) managing
(d) approaching
Answer:
(a) avoiding

Question 12.
Sanya likes making handmade gifts for her friends. Additionally, when Sanya is faced with a cluttered workspace, instead of conventional organisation methods, Sarah devises a unique system using repurposed materials, turning chaos into an efficient and visually appealing setup. This is an example of (1)
(a) intelligence
(b) creativity
(c) determination
(d) organisation
Answer:
(b) creativity

Question 13.
Which of the following is false about Gestalt therapy in psychological studies?
(a) Gestalt is a German word which means whole.
(b) This therapy was given by Freiderick (Fritz) Peris together with his wife Laura Peris.
(c) The goal of this therapy is to increase an individual’s self-awareness and self-acceptance.
(d) This therapy cannot be used in group settings.
Answer:
(d) This therapy cannot be used in group settings.

Question 14.
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of the Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option. (1)
Assertion (A) Researchers have found that both high and low level of creativity can be found in highly intelligent children and also children of average intelligence.
Reason (R) Creativity tests came into existence to assess variations in terms of the potential for creativity in contrast to intelligence.

Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

Section B
Very Short Answer Type Questions (Each Que. carries 2 M)

Question 15.
Explain the Bandura’s social learning theory. (2)
Answer:
Albert Bandura’s social learning theory suggests that observation and modelling play a primary role in how and why people leam. Learning according to Bandura can occur simply by observing others’ behaviour.

Question 16.
Explain the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale, developed by Binet and Simon. (2)
Answer:
In 1905, Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon, made the first successful attempt to formally measure intelligence. In 1908, when the scale was revised, they gave concept of ‘Mental Age’ which is a measure of a person’s intellectual development relative to people of her/his age group.

Question 17.
Sarah, a 10-year-old, struggles in school.
She often forgets instructions, fails to finish assignments and easily distracted. At home, she’s constantly moving, unable to sit still. Describe the behavior of a child with ADHD based on Sarah’s characteristics.
Answer:
Sarah exhibits typical symptoms of Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including forgetfulness, inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, which impact her academic performance and daily functioning. It is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders.

Or

John, a 25-year-old, displays reduced speech, diminished emotional expressions, apathy and social withdrawal. He struggles to initiate or complete tasks. From which disorder, John is suffering.
Describe its negative symptoms “and0 identify them in John’s behaviour. (2)
Answer:
John is suffering from schizophrenia. Negative symptoms, known as pathological deficits, are
features of schizophrenia. John exhibits these symptoms, including reduced speech, blunted affect, apathy and social withdrawal, which are characteristics of this disorder.

Question 18.
Arjun, who has been working hard for a promotion at his part-time job. Despite his dedication and excellent performance, the promotion is given to another colleague who has less experience but is favoured by the manager. Arjun feels overlooked and powerless, leading to intense feelings of frustration. Explain the term ‘frustration’. (2)
Answer:
A feeling of frustration is experienced by individuals when they are denied the opportunity of attaining social status. It can be caused simply by a person’s position in the stratification system or social hierarchy.

Question 19.
In a social psychology seminar, a professor discusses how people’s attitudes toward various objects, people, or ideas can change over time. Explain the meaning of attitude change. (2)
Answer:
Attitude change is the process of modification in the existing attitude towards an object. Attitudes may be changed and modified during and after the process of attitude form ation through various influences.

Question 20.
Priya, a 17-year-old, high school student, has been feeling overwhelmed by academic pressure and struggles to express her emotions.
Answer:
The goal of psychotherapies in psychology is to change the maladaptive behaviours, decrease the sense of personal distress, this will help Natasha to adapt better to her environment.
The primary goals of psychotherapy are as follows

• To know yourself better.
• Alleviate emotional pain or confusion.
• Assist you in developing a more complete understanding of your psychological issues.

Section C
Short Answer Type Questions (Each Que. carries3 M)

Question 21.
Parents of Natasha nowadays are insisting her daughter to visit a psychotherapist, though Natasha is not interested. Her parents ultimately convinced her by giving the detailed benefits of psychotherapy. Explain the goals of psychotherapy in psychology. (3)
Answer:
The goal of psychotherapies in psychology is to change the maladaptive behaviours, decrease the sense of personal distress, this will help Natasha to adapt better to her environment.
The primary goals of psychotherapy are as follows

• To know yourself better.
• Alleviate emotional pain or confusion.
• Assist you in developing a more complete understanding of your psychological issues.

Question 22.
What is meant by word abnormal? Explain approaches that have been used in distinguishing between normal and abnormal behaviours. (3)
Answer:
The word abnormal literally means ‘away from the normal’. It implies deviation from some clearly defined norms or standards.
Various approaches have been used in distinguishing between normal and abnormal behaviours. These are as follows

1. The first approach views abnormal behaviour as a deviation from social norms. Many psychologists have stated that ‘abnormal’ is simply a label that is given to a behaviour which is different from society’s ideas of proper functioning.

2. The second approach views abnormal behaviour as maladaptive. The best criterion for determining the normality of behaviour is whether society promotes the well-being of the individual i.e. the group to which she/he belongs.

Or

Describe autism spectrum disorder and explain the difficulties faced by the children who have this disorder? (1 + 2)
She seeks therapy to cope with stress and improve her mental well-being. Describe how a therapist practicing client-centered therapy would approach Priya’s concerns and support her emotional growth. (3)
Answer:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that influences how individuals perceive and engage in social interactions. Children with this disorder, experience the following challenges.

• Children diagnosed with ASD typically experience challenges in social interaction and communication.
• They may exhibit restricted interests and adhere strongly to routines.
• Those with ASD may often encounter profound difficulties in connecting with others.
• They may experience struggles in self-expression and sharing their emotions with others.
• They also exhibit restricted or repetitive behaviors and interests.
• They might find it extremely difficult to build and maintain social relationships.
• Additionally, individuals with ASD may demonstrate diverse learning approaches, movement patterns, or attentional preferences.

Question 23.
Rohan had interview for a Multinational 14- In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of the Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option.
Assertion (A) Researchers have found that both high and low level of creativity can be found in highly intelligent children and also children of average intelligence.
Reason (R) Creativity tests came into existence to assess variations in terms of company. Prior to interview, he observed that his heart rate and blood pressure levels have increased. Why did it happen? Will it help him to function more effectively? (3)
Answer:
The increased level of heart rate and blood pressure prior to interview means that Rohan is under psychological stress. The psychological stress has caused the increase in the production of certain hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol.

These hormones produce marked changes in heart rate, blood pressure levels, metabolism and physical activity. Although, this physical reaction may help him to function more effectively under pressure for short periods of time, it can be extremely damaging to the body in the long-term effects.

Section D
Long Answer Type-I Questions (Each Que. carries 4 M)

Question 24.
Simranjeet a professional kick boxer has represented various clubs across the world. However she has met with serious sports injuries during the match. Surprisingly she not only recovered but also started preparing for next boxing match. Her doctors, coach and parents were surprised by her resilience.
What do you understand by resilience? Discuss. (4)
Answer:
Resilience is a dynamic developmental process referring to the maintenance of positive adjustment under challenging life conditions. As we can see, Simranjeet had the capacity to ‘bounce back’ in the face of stress and adversity. Resilience has been conceptualised as reflecting feelings of self-worth and self-confidence, autonomy and self-reliance, a sense of competence and flexibility, and a belief that one’s life has purpose and meaning.

Resilient individuals are able to overcome the effects of trauma, stress, and adversity and learn to live psychologically healthy and meaningful lives. They find growth and strength in their experiences, fostering a positive outlook on the future. This adaptability enables them to navigate life’s challenges and continue to thrive despite difficulties.

Question 25.
Farhan’s parents have enrolled him in a pre-board exams counselling and meditation course in the nearby locality. They believed it will increase his emotional intelligence so he can cope with exams. How is emotional intelligence useful? (4)
Answer:
Emotional intelligence is a collection of skills that form the foundation for accurately perceiving, expressing, and managing emotions. It represents the emotional aspect of intelligence. Merely possessing a high IQ and a strong academic record is insufficient for achieving success in life.

Farhan’s parents are aware that emotional intelligence will help to reduce their son’s stresses and challenges from the outside world. Programmes aimed at improving students’ emotional intelligence have beneficial effects on their academic achievement. They encourage cooperative behaviour and reduce antisocial activities.

Developing emotional intelligence in students not only enhances their academic performance but also prepares them to handle personal and professional challenges more effectively, contributing to overall well-being and success.

Question 26.
Explain the self-regulation theory. How it helps in mental health? (2 + 2)
Answer:
Self-regulation refers to our ability to organise and monitor our own behaviour. People who are able to change their behaviour according to the demands of the external environment are high on self-monitoring. Self-regulation plays a huge role in alcoholism, smoking, drug addiction, eating disorders, excessive spending, crime, underachievement, procrastination, sexual behaviour, and more. Self-regulation helps people think and behave in ways that align with their own values.

It allows people to choose how to respond in an effective manner instead of reacting instinctively (and often unhelpfully) in difficult situations.

It greatly helps people who are struggling with self-regulation. Developing self-regulation skills involves practice, reflection, and persistence. These skills are essential for success in both personal and professional life, enabling individuals to navigate challenges with resilience and adaptability.

Or

What are the characteristics traits of a Type-A personality? (4)
Answer:
People characterised by Type-A personality in psychology seem to possess high motivation, lack patience, feel short of time, be in a great hurry, and feel like being always burdened with work. Such people find it difficult to slow down and relax.

Some of the characteristics of Type-A personality are as follow-

1. Competitive One main characteristic of people with Type-A personality is competitiveness. They always feel the need to win in any situation.
2. Impatient Type-A individuals are usually in a hurry. They get frustrated when they need to fall in line, tend to lose their temper quickly, move fast and often, and think that they don’t have a lot of time to spare.
3. Overly Ambitious They associate success with their accomplishments, pushing themselves with deadlines, and always looking to achieve more and climb high.

Question 27.
Rohan believes smoking is harmful.
However, he smokes occasionally at parties. This inconsistency between his belief and behaviour creates discomfort, leading him to either quit smoking or downplay its risks. Discuss cognitive dissonance components in the attitude change process. (4)
Answer:
Cognitive dissonance was proposed by Leon Festinger. It emphasises that the cognitive components of an attitude must be ‘consonant’ (opposite of dissonant), meaning they should be logically in line with each other. If an individual finds that two cognitions in an attitude are dissonant, then one of them will be changed in the direction of consonance.

Festinger and Carlsmith, two social psychologists, conducted an experiment that showed the working of cognitive dissonance. Both balance and cognitive dissonance are examples of cognitive consistency.

Cognitive consistency means that two components, aspects, or elements of the attitude, or attitude system, must be in the same direction. Each element should logically fall in line with other elements. If this does not happen, then the person experiences a kind of mental discomfort.

In such a state, some aspects in the attitude system change in the direction of consistency because our cognitive system requires logical consistency.

Section E
Long Answer Type-ll Questions (Each Que. carries 6 M)

Question 28.
What is the focus of group behaviour in psychology? Describe various conditions for the formation of group. (2+4)
Answer:
A group behaviour can be defined as a course of action a group takes as a family. The group behaviour focuses is on how groups affect an individual’s behaviour, thinking, decision-making, or ideas. Psychologists also observe how groups behave as a whole and how groups interact with one another.

Conditions which facilitate group formation are as follows
1. Proximity Individuals with similar background, interests, attitudes, values and opinions when have repeated interaction with each other, get a chance to know each other and develop a mutual liking. This facilitates group formation.

2. Similarity Being exposed to someone over a period of time makes an individually assess similarities. Assessment of similarities paves the way for formation of groups. Explanation given by psychologists are that when people meet similar people, they reinforce and validate their opinions and values. They feel that they are right and thus start liking one another.

3. Common Motives and Goals When a number of people have common objectives or goals, they tend to get together and form a group, which may facilitate goal attainment. For example, Commuters in a train may form a group which can work towards facilitating their travel on the train.

Or

Analyse in-group and out-group in social psychology. (3+3)
Answer:
In social psychology, the concepts of in-group and out-group refer to the categorisation of individuals based on their perceived similarity or dissimilarity to oneself. An in-group comprises individuals with whom one identifies or feels a sense of belonging, while an out-group consists of individuals perceived as different or outside one’s social circle.

The in-group serves as a source of identity, belonging, and social support. Individuals within the in-group may share common goals, values and beliefs, fostering a sense of cohesion and solidarity. This sense of unity often leads to positive feelings towards in-group members and may result in favouritism or bias towards them.

Conversely, individuals belonging to the out-group are often viewed as outsiders or ‘others.’ This categorisation can lead to stereotype, prejudice and discrimination against out-group members. Social identity theory explains how individuals strive to maintain a positive social identity by enhancing the status of their in-group relative to out-groups.

Overall, the concepts of in-group and out-group highlight the dynamics of social categorisation and its implications for intergroup relations, prejudice, discrimination, social cohesion and societal harmony. Understanding these concepts is crucial for promoting inclusivity, tolerance and cooperation in diverse social settings.

Question 29.
There is a family where everyone values politeness and respect. Children in this family are taught to always greet others politely and speak respectfully. As they grow up, these values become deeply ingrained in their personalities, shaping how they interact with others. This illustrates how cultural values can influence personality development. Based on this, define personality. Explain the cultural approach to personality. (1+5)
Answer:
Personality refers to the unique set of characteristics, traits, and behaviours that define an individual’s pattern of thinking, feeling and acting. The cultural approach to personality consider that these patterns are not just individual characteristics but are also influenced by the broader cultural context in which a person lives.

For example, consider a culture where collectivism is highly valued. In such a culture, individuals may develop personality traits that prioritise group harmony and cooperation over personal goals. This could manifest in behaviours such as being more considerate of others’ feelings, valuing relationships over individual achievements, and being more inclined towards collaborative decision-making.

On the other hand, in a culture that emphasises individualism, personality traits like independence, self-reliance, and assertiveness may be more prevalent.

Another example is of Birhor Tribal Group. They lead a nomadic life and move in small bands from one forest to another in search of food and forest products (e.g., fruits, roots, mushrooms, honey, etc.). In their society, children from an early age are allowed enormous freedom to move into forests and learn hunting and gathering skills, which make the children independent, autonomous and achievement-oriented from an early age.

Overall, the cultural approach suggests that personality is not solely determined by genetics or individual experiences but is also shaped by the cultural values, norms, and practices of the society in which a persdn is raised.

Or

John often feel anxious, moody, touchy and restless. He quickly loses control. He went to Psychology clinic in order to diagnose his condition, psychologist performed a test. The result further showed that John has scored high on psychoticism dimension that tends to be hostile, egocentric and antisocial. What does it mean? Which test did the psychologist performed to determine the psychoticism dimension? (4 + 2)
Answer:
The result showed that John has scored high on psychoticism dimension that tends to be hostile, egocentric and antisocial. This means that his personality contains that trait. H.J. Eysenck had first proposed that personality could be reduced into two broad dimensions. These are biological and genetical. These dimensions are
1. Neuroticism v/s Emotional Stability It refers to the degree to which people have control over their feelings. At one extreme of the dimension, we find people who are neurotic. They are anxious, moody, touchy, restless and quickly lose control.
At the other extreme are lie people who are calm, even tempered, reliable and remain under control.

2. Extra version v/s Introversion It refers to the degree to which people are socially outgoing or socially withdrawn. At one extreme are those who are active, gregarious, impulsive and thrill seeking. At the other extreme are people who are passive, quiet, cautious and reserved.

3. Psychoticism v/s Sociability, It is considered to interact with the other two dimensions mentioned above.

4. The psychologist performed Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Test to determine the dimensions of John’s personlity. This instrument is comprised of 57 yes/no items and yields total scores for extraversion and neuroticism as well as a validity score.
Individuals are generally classifed as ‘high’ or ‘low’ on the two dimensions.

Section F
Case- Based Questions (Each case carries Que. of 3 M)

Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow.

Personality disorders are mental illnesses that share several unique qualities. They contain symptoms that are enduring and play a major role in most, sometimes all, aspects of the person’s life. While many disorders vary in terms of symptom presence and intensity, personality disorders usually remain constant. The psychodynamic theory regards human behaviour to be determined by underlying psychological influences that usually are unconscious.

These influences (also called forces) are dynamic the relationship between them gives rise to behaviour. Abnormal symptoms are created when conflicts arise in this relationship. This theory states that all behaviour is determined by childhood events and past experience. Treatment then consists of psychoanalysis, which involves bringing into conscious awareness the traumatic childhood conflicts that have been repressed, and resulting in resolution.

Question 30.
What does the behavioural model of Psychopathology proposes regarding abnormal responses, particularly phobias? (1)
Answer:
The behavioural model of Psychopathology suggests that abnormal responses, particularly phobias, were formed through a conditioning process and also can be treated through new learning- a process known as behaviour therapy.

Question 31.
Explain maladaptive thoughts or behaviour. (2)
Answer:
Maladaptive thoughts or behaviours don’t allow people to adapt to life successfully. For example, hearing voices or being unable to leave the house – because of an extreme fear.

Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow.

A general feature of most of the creativity tests is that they are open-ended. They permit the person to think of different answers to the questions or problems in terms of her/his experiences, whatever these may have been. These help the individual to go in different directions.

There are no specified answers to questions or problems in creativity tests. Therefore, there is freedom to use one’s imagination and express it in original ways.

Creativity tests involve divergent thinking and assess such abilities as ability to produce a variety of ideas, i.e. ideas which are off-the- beaten track, ability to see new relationships between seemingly unrelated things, ability to guess causes and consequences, ability to put things in a new context, etc.

Question 32.
Why creativity tests were introduced in psychological studies?
Answer:
The creativity tests were introduced in psychological studies to assess variations in terms of the potential for creativity in contrast to intelligence. They provide the most representative samples of behaviour, ability or aptitude.

Question 33.
Do creativity tests measure Intelligence Quotient (IQ)? (2)
Answer:
No, creativity tests do not measure Intelligence Quotient. Persons with the highest scores on creativity tests do not necessarily have the highest IQs because the kinds of abilities measured by creativity tests differ from those measured by Intelligence Quotient (IQ) tests.