Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology with Solutions Set 6 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology Set 6 with Solutions
Time Allowed: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions :
All questions are compulsory except where internal choice has been given.
- Question Nos. 1 -15 in Section A carry 1 mark each. You are expected to answer them as directed.
- Question Nos. 16-21 in Section B are very short answer type-I questions carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
- Question Nos. 22-24 in Section C are short answer type-II questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
- Question Nos. 25 – 28 in Section D are long answer type questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
- Question Nos. 29-30 in Section E are long answer type questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words.
- Question Nos. 31-34 in Section F are based on two cases given. Answer to each one-mark question should not exceed 20 words. Answer to each two-mark question should not exceed 30 words.
Section A
Section A consists of 15 questions of 1 mark each
Question 1.
Tarun’s group has won the elections from his constituency. His opponents, Ramesh and his group, are weak and too small in number. Tarun often expresses frustration and negative attitude towards Ramesh’s group. This is known as (1)
(a) Learning
(b) Kernel of truth concept
(c) Scapegoating
(d) Imitation
Answer:
(a) Learning
Question 2.
According to Selye, what stage or stages are involved in the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)? (1)
(a) Alarm reaction stages
(b) Resistance stage
(c) Exhaustion stage
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these
Question 3.
Sunita is regarded by her teachers as an excellent student. She does her work on time, scores the highest grades in her class, listens to instructions with care, grasps quickly, reproduces accurately but she rarely comes out with ideas which are her own. Find out which factor is missing in her? (1)
(a) Intelligence quotient
(b) Emotional quotient
(c) Creativity skill
(d) Leaning aptitude
Answer:
(c) Creativity skill
Question 4.
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of the Reason (R). Mark the correct choice. (1)
Assertion (A) The immune system guards the body against attackers, both from within and outside.
Reason (R) There are several kinds of white blood cells or leucocytes within the immune system, including T cells, B cells and natural killer cells.
Codes
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
Question 5.
Which of the following is/are the behavioural technique? (1)
I. Negative reinforcement
II. Aversive conditioning
III. Token economy
IV. Transference Choose the correct option.
(a) I, II and III
(b) II, III and IV
(c) III, IV and I
(d) I, II and IV
Answer:
(a) I, II and III
Question 6.
Naina was shown by her elder sister how to behave in front of the guest as well as with neighbours. This technique of learning is known as (1)
(a) Token economy
(b) Modelling
(c) Rational emotive therapy
(d) Relaxation therapy
Answer:
(b) Modelling
Question 7.
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of the Reason (R). Mark the correct choice. (1)
Assertion (A) Intelligence tests can be culture-fair or culture-biased. Many intelligence tests show a bias to the culture in which they are developed.
Reason (R) It is nearly impossible to design a test that can be applied equally or meaningfully in all cultures.
Codes
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true
Answer:
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false
Question 8.
Who among the following compiled CIE Verbal Group Test of Intelligence? (1)
(a) MC Joshi
(b) S Jalota
(c) Uday Shankar
(d) SM Mohsin
Answer:
(c) Uday Shankar
Question 9.
There was a marriage in which dowry was being given. Ramesh is the groom and does not want dowry. Sunita is the bride who is giving the dowry. As per P-O-X triangle, what can be denoted as O? (1)
(a) Ramesh
(b) Sunita
(c) Dowry
(d) Marriage
Answer:
(c) Dowry
Question 10.
Salim, a teenage boy, always keen to play outside but his parents don’t allow him to play in the park as he is allergic to dust. Hence, dust is (1)
(a) Aversive conditioning
(b) Positive reinforcement
(c) Differential reinforcement
(d) Negative reinforcement
Answer:
(d) Negative reinforcement
Question 11.
What term is used when people develop a fear of entering unfamiliar situations? (1)
(a) Specific phobia
(b) Social phobia
(c) Agoraphobia
(d) Astrophobia
Answer:
(c) Agoraphobia
Question 12.
What is the name of Adler’s theory which assumes that human behaviour is purposeful and goal-directed? (1)
(a) Cognitive Psychology
(b) Collective Psychology
(c) Individual Psychology
(d) Social Psychology
Answer:
(c) Individual Psychology
Question 13.
Which of the following traits refers to the degree to which people are socially outgoing or socially withdrawn? (1)
I. Extraversion vs Introversion
II. Emotional Intelligence
III. Neuroticism vs Emotional Stability
IV. Economic Conditions
Choose the correct option.
(a) Only I
(b) II and III
(c) I, II and IV
(d) II and IV
Answer:
(a) Only I
Question 14.
Procedure to monitor and reduce the physiological aspects of stress by providing feedback about current physiological activity
is known as ………..
…………. (1)
(a) Bio feedback
(b) Meditation feedback
(c) Creative feedback
(d) Cognitive feedback
Answer:
(a) Bio feedback
Question 15.
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of the Reason (R). Mark the correct choice. (1)
Assertion (A) Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire was developed by Cattell, where he identified a large set of personality descriptors.
Reason (R) It has been found not useful in career guidance, vocational exploration, and occupational testing.
Codes
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true
Answer:
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false
Section B
Section B consists of 6 questions of 2 marks each
Question 16.
Kamath is known as the most dominant person in his office. He always gives suggestions and opinions in every matter. Identify and define the method through which he can be evaluated. (2)
Answer:
The method by which Kamath can be evaluated is called ‘Assessment’. Assessment refers to the measurement of psychological attributes of individuals and their evaluation, often using multiple methods in terms of certain standards of comparison.
Question 17.
In the final year of University exams, Gopi failed in two subjects. Due to this, many friends of her started distancing from her. She started losing her confidence as well. From which psychological problem he is going through? (2)
Or
Neeru is such a smart girl, who requires very few command to fulfil her daily tasks, whether it is home or office. What are the characteristics of her personality? (2)
Answer:
Gopi is suffering from lack of self-esteem in herself. It is an important aspect of oneself. Some people have high self-esteem, whereas others may have low self-esteem. Self-esteem shows a strong relationship with our everyday behaviour.
Or
Neeru has the personality of self-regulation, which refers to has ability to organise and monitor has own behaviour. People with this trait can change their behaviour according to the demands of the external environment and are high is self-monitoring.
Question 18.
State any two features of Rorschach Inkblot Test. (2)
Answer:
Two features of Rorschach Inkblot Test are Psychologists use this test to examine the personality characteristics and emotional functioning of their patients.It is one of the most well-known personality tests, allowing to investigate a human being in detail.
Question 19.
Chandan is a joyful guy who has positive attitude towards human beings. He also assist and teach illiterate people in his colony. What we call this attitude? (2)
Answer:
The attitude of Chandan is called as positive attitude. Some of the factors of a positive attitude are having a fairly accurate perception of reality; a sense of purpose in life and taking credit for success and accepting blame for failure.
Question 20.
What do you understand by Bipolar mood disorders or Manic-depressive disorders? (2)
Answer:
Bipolar mood disorders or Manic-depressive disorders, are a mental illness that causes dramatic changes in the person’s mood, energy and ability to think. People with Bipolar mood disorder experience high and low moods which are known as mania and depression
Question 21.
Explain the term anorexia nervosa. (2)
Answer:
In anorexia nervosa, the individual has a disfigured body image that leads her/him to see herself/himself as overweight. By refusing to eat, exercising compulsively and developing unusual habits such as refusing to eat in front of others, the anorexic may lose large amounts of weight and even starve herself/himself to death.
Section C
Section C consists of 3 questions of 3 marks each
Question 22.
Kenneth has decided to visit Serengeti National Park during her summer vacation. He is someone who doesn’t like to experience natural beauty through TV. Which type of personality he has according to the Five Factor Model of Personality? Describe it. (3)
Answer:
Kenneth has ‘Openness to Experience’ personality as per Five-Factor Model of Personality given by Paul Costa and Robert McCrae. The openness to experience personality trait measures one’s receptivity to new ideas and experiences. Openness to experience is used to study and measure individual differences In personality. A person with a high level of openness to experience will often enjoy travelling and venturing beyond his or her comfort zone
Question 23.
How is behaviour therapy used to treat phobia? (3)
Or
What do you understand by psychological distress as per behaviour therapy? Describe any one behavioural therapy. (1.5+1.5)
Answer:
Behaviour therapy is a term that describes a broad range of techniques which are used to treat phobia. It is focussed on the behaviour and thoughts of the client in present. It is a technique introduced by Wolpe for treating phobias or irrational fears. The client is interviewed to elicit fear-provoking situations.
The therapist relaxes the client and asks the client to think about the least anxiety- provoking situation. The client is asked to stop thinking of the fearful situation if the slightest tension is felt. After some sessions, the client is able to imagine more severe fear-provoking situations while maintaining the relaxation. The client gets systematically desensitised to the fear.
Or
According to the behaviour therapies, psychological distress arises because of faulty behaviour patterns or thought patterns. It is focused on the behaviour and thoughts of the client in the present. The past is relevant only to the extent of understanding the origins of the faulty behaviour and thought patterns. Only the faulty patterns are corrected in the present.
Aversive conditioning is a major technique of behaviour therapy. Aversive conditioning refers to repeated association of undesired response with an aversive consequence. For example, an alcoholic is given a mild electric shock and asked to smell the alcohol. With repeated pairings the smell of alcohol is aversive as the pain of the shock is associated with it and the person will give up alcohol.
Question 24.
Define Aaron Beck’s theory of psychological distress characterised by anxiety or depression. (3)
Answer:
Aaron Beck’s theory of psychological distress states that childhood experiences provided by the family and society develop core schemes or systems, which include beliefs and action patterns in the Individual.
Thus, a client, who was neglected by the parents as a child, develops the core schema of “I am not wanted”. During the course of life, a critical incident occurs in her/his life. She/he is publicly ridiculed by the teacher in school.
Aaron Beck believes that a person’s reaction to specific upsetting thoughts may contribute to abnormality. As we confront the many situations that arise in life, both comforting and upsetting thoughts come into a person’s heads. Beck calls it as unwarranted cognition’s automatic thoughts.
Section D
Section D consists of 4 questions of 4 marks each
Question 25.
Give the major four characteristics of emotionally intelligent persons. (4)
Or
Describe the relationship between creativity with intelligence. (4)
Answer:
Emotional Intelligence is the ability to smartly channelise the-emotions and possessing and allows you to harness one’s emotions for positive results. The four major characteristics of emotionally intelligent person are as follows
- Relates a person’s emotions and thoughts so that you take them into account while solving problems and taking decisions.
- Perceive and be sensitive to your feelings and emotions.
- Understand the powerful influence of the nature and intensity of your emotions.
- Control and regulate your emotions and their expressions while cealing with self and others to achieve harmony and peace.
Or
There is an abstract relationship between creativity and intelligence. If you measure intelligence by the ability to solve problems, then creativity may be a prerequisite. Furthermore, the filtering mechanism to discard poor ideas comes down to a form of random intelligence. Flowever, someone who consistently completes their work on time and earns the highest grades in class does not necessarily always generate creative ideas.
On the other hand, a person who is just average in studies and has not achieved high grades consistently, can have various unique and creative ideas. The former is considered to be more intelligent and the latter as more creative. American psychologist, Lewis Terman, in the 1920s, found that persons with high IQ were not necessarily creative.
At the same time, creative ideas could come from persons who did not have a very high IQ. Researchers have also found that both high and low level of creativity can be found in highly intelligent children and also children of average intelligence. The same person, thus, can be creative, as well as intelligent but it is not necessary that intelligent ones, in the conventional sense, must be creative. Intelligence, therefore, by itself does not ensure creativity.
Common Mistake:
Students often make a mistake in this type of question and write about difference between creativity and intelligence. However, here it is to be written that how creativity is related to intelligence.
Question 26.
Among the four dominant features of attitude, which attitude is the most significant one? (4)
Answer:
Amongst the four dominant features of attitude, centrality is the most significant one, with comparison to other three such as valence, extremeness and simplicity or complexity. The centrality of attitude refers to the role of a particular attitude in the attitude system. An attitude with greater centrality would influence the other attitudes in the system much more than non-central (or peripheral) attitudes. The centrality indicates the importance of the object. The attitudes that have high centrality for an individual will be less susceptible to change.
Question 27.
Ruhani and Suhani are two sisters, who studied in the same school and also joined in the similar IT Professional sector. However, both have different nature and future goals in life. How psychologists define such different personalities through type and trait approaches? (4)
Answer:
The nature and origin of individual differences in personality always been study of interest among the psychologists. In the case of Ruhani and Suhani, one can observe that both the sisters in the same family developed dramatically different personalities. They also behave differently in different situations. Psychologists distinguish between type and trait approaches to personality.
The type approaches attempts to comprehend human personality by examining certain broad patterns in the observed behavioural characteristics of individuals. Each behavioural pattern refers to one type in which individuals are placed in terms of the similarity of their behavioural characteristics with that pattern. In contrast, the trait approach focuses on the specific psychological attributes along which individuals tend to differ in consistent and stable ways.
Question 28.
What are delusions? State their types. (4)
Answer:
Many people with- schizophrenia develop delusions. A delusion is a false belief that is firmly held on inadequate grounds. It is not affected by rational argument, and has no basis in reality. There are four types of delusions
- Delusions of Persecution:
These are the most common in schizophrenia. People with this delusion believe that they are being plotted slandered, threatened, attacked or deliberately victimised. - Delusions of Reference:
It this these people attach special and personal meaning to the actions of others or to objects and events. - Delusions of Grandeur:
In this, people believe themselves to be specialty empowered persons like a Star or God. - Delusions of Control:
In this the people believe that i their feelings, thoughts and actions are controlled by others.
Section E
Section E consists of 2 questions of 6 marks each
Question 29.
What do you understand by group behaviour in psychology and why do people join groups? ( 1 + 5 )
Or
Describe the elements of group structure. (6)
Answer:
Group behaviour in psychology refers to the actions, thoughts, or feelings of a collection of people or individuals within a group. Group behaviour is often guided by a set of rules or regulations that may not always be the case for every individual within that group. Generally, people join groups for the following reasons such as
- Security:
Groups reduce the insecurity when we are alone. Being with people gives a sense of comfort, and protection. As a result, people feel stronger, and are less vulnerable to threats. - Status:
When we are members of a group that is perceived to be important by others, we feel recognised and experience a sense of power. - Self-Esteem:
Groups provide feelings of self-worth and establish a positive social identity. Being a member of prestigious groups enhances one’s self-concept. - Fulfilment of Psychological and Social Needs:
Groups satisfy one’s social and psychological needs such as sense of belongingness, giving and receiving attention, love, and power through a group. - Goal Achievement:
Groups help in achieving such goals which cannot be attained individually. - Knowledge and Information:
Group membership provides knowledge and information and thus broadens one’s view. Group also enhances person’s information and knowledge.
Or
The group structure is defined as the layout of a group. It is a combination of group roles, norms, conformity, social loafing, cohorts, group demography and cohesiveness, etc. There are four important elements of group structure which are as follows
- Roles:
The roles refer to the typical behaviour that depicts a person in a given social context. These are socially defined expectations that individuals in a given situation are expected to fulfil. - Norms These are expected standards of behaviour and beliefs established, agreed upon, and enforced by group members. They may be considered as a group’s ‘unspoken rules’.
- Status It refers to the relative social position given to group members by others. This relative position or status may be either ascribed (given may be because of one’s seniority) or achieved (the person has achieved status because of expertise or hard work). By being members of the group, we enjoy the status associated with that group.
- Cohesiveness It refers to togetherness, binding, or mutual attraction among group members. As the group becomes more cohesive, group members start to think, feel and act as a social unit and less like isolated individuals.
Question 30.
Describe different strategy of coping with stress. (6)
Or
Write the impacts of stress on psychological functioning. (6)
Answer:
Coping is a dynamic situation-specific reaction to stress. It is a set of concrete responses to stressful situations or events that are intended to resolve the problem and reduce stress.
The way we cope with stress often depends on rigid deep-seated beliefs, based on experience. Coping strategies include both overt and covert activities. Strategies given by Endler and Parker The three coping strategies given by Endler and Parker are as follows
- Task-oriented Strategy:
This involves obtaining information about the stressful situation and about alternative courses of action and their probable outcome. It also involves deciding priorities and acting, so as to deal directly with the stressful situation. - Emotion-oriented Strategy:
This can involve efforts to maintain hope and to control one’s emotions. It can also involve venting feelings of anger and frustration or deciding that nothing can be done to change things. - Avoidance-oriented Strategy:
This involves denying or minimising the seriousness of the situation. It also involves conscious suppression of stressful thoughts and their replacement by self-protective thoughts.
Strategies given by Lazarus and Folkman Lazarus and Folkman has conceptualised coping as a dynamic process rather than an individual trait. According to them, coping responses can be divided into two types of responses
- Problem-focussed Strategies:
It attacks the problem itself, with behaviours designed to gain information, to alter the event and to alter belief and commitments. They increase the person’s awareness, level of knowledge and range of behaviou-ral and cognitive coping options. They can act to reduce the threat value of the event. - Emotion-focussed Strategies:
It call for psychological changes designed primarily to limit the degree of emotional disruption caused by an event, with minimal effort to alter the event itself.
Or
The impact of stress on psychological functioning is a significant area of study in psychology. Stress can have various effects on different aspects of psychological functioning.
Here are the some coomon impacts of stress on psychological functioning
- Cognitive Functioning:
Stress can negatively affect cognitive processes such as attention, memory and decision-making. It can lead to difficulties in concentrating, decreased working memory capacity, and impaired problem solving skills. - Emotional Functioning:
Stress can cause emotional /disturbances, including increased irritability, anxiety and mood swings. It may also lead to the development or exacerbation of mental health disoders such as depression and anxiety disorders. - Perceptual Functioning:
Stress can after perceptual experiences. For example, individuals under stress may perceive the world as more threatening or perceive ambiguous situations as more negative. It
can also lead to sensory distortions or heighten sensitivity to certain stimuli. - Interpersonal Functioning:
Stress can strain relationships and impact social interactions. It may lead to increased conflicts, decreased empathy and difficulties in forming and maintaining healthy relationships.
Section F
Section F consists of 2 Case based questions of 3 marks each
Read the case and answer the questions that follow.
One of the most widely prevalent and recognised of all mental disorders is depression. Depression covers a variety of negative moods and behavioural changes. Depression can refer to a symptom or a disorder. In day-to-day life, we often use the term depression to refer to normal feelings after a significant loss, such as the break-up of a relationship, or the failure to attain a significant goal.
Major depressive disorder is defined as a period of depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, together with other symptoms which may include change in body weight, constant sleep problems, tiredness, inability to think clearly, agitation, greatly slowed behaviour, and thoughts of death and suicide. Other symptoms include excessive guilt or feelings of worthlessness.
Question 31.
How can we define mental disorder? (1)
Answer:
Mental disorder also known as depression. In psychology, it can be defined as emotional state that is marked by feelings of low self-worth.
Question 32.
What are the causes of depressive disorder? (2)
Answer:
According to psychologists, depressive disorder are caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Depression can happen at any age, but often begins in adulthood.
Read the case and answer the questions that follow.
Intelligence tests can be culture-fair or culture-biased. Many intelligence tests show a bias to the culture in which they are developed. Tests developed in America and Europe represent an urban and middle class cultural ethos. Hence, educated middle class white subjects generally perform well on those tests. The items do not respect the cultural perspectives of Asia and Africa. The norms for these tests are also drawn from Western cultural groups.
It is nearly impossible to design a test that can be applied equally meaningfully in all cultures. Psychologists have tried to develop tests that are culture-fair or culturally appropriate, i.e. one that does not discriminate against individuals belonging to different cultures. In such tests, items are constructed in a manner that they assess experiences common to all cultures or have questions in which language usage is not required.
Question 33.
Who developed Cultural-Fair Test? (1)
Answer:
The Cultural-Fair Intelligence Test or CFIT, was developed by psychologist Raymond Cattell.
Question 34.
Why it is impossible to design a test that can be applied meaningfully in all cultures? (2)
Answer:
It is impossible to develop a test that can be applied in all cultures because of its cultural biasness. Many intelligence tests show a bias to the culture in which they are developed. Tests developed in America and Europe represent an urban cultural scenario where they do not respect the cultural perspectives of Asia and Africa.