Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology with Solutions Set 3 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology Set 3 with Solutions
Time Allowed: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions :
- All questions are compulsory except where internal choice has been given.
- Question Nos. 1 -15 in Section A carry 1 mark each. You are expected to answer them as directed.
- Question Nos. 16-21 in Section B are very short answer type-I questions carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
- Question Nos. 22-24 in Section C are short answer type-II questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
- Question Nos. 25 – 28 in Section D are long answer type questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
- Question Nos. 29-30 in Section E are long answer type questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words.
- Question Nos. 31-34 in Section F are based on two cases given. Answer to each one-mark question should not exceed 20 words. Answer to each two-mark question should not exceed 30 words.
Section A
Section A consists of 15 questions of 1 mark each
Question 1.
Rahman being in England was raised through Western education. He was gifted with good recognition memory and early appearance of language skills. Identify the traits of a gifted child among the following.
I. High in intrinsic motivation
II. Solitary academic activities
III. Advanced logical thinking 3
IV. Leadership intelligence
Choose the correct option.
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) I, II and III
(d) II and IV
Answer:
(c) I, II and III
Question 2.
Saurabh is a college student who has been struggling with social anxiety. After seeking help from a therapist, Saurabh undergoes behavioural therapy to address his anxiety.
What should be the primary goal of behavioural therapist in Saurabh’s case? (1)
(a) To identify physical causes of social anxiety.
(b) To prescribe medication for anxiety.
(c) To analyse behaviour patterns and identify triggers for anxiety.
(d) To conduct surgery to alleviate social anxiety.
Answer:
(c) To analyse behaviour patterns and identify triggers for anxiety.
Question 3.
………. personality seems to possess low motivation, are patient and feel they have a lot of time and little work. (1)
(a) Type-A
(b) Type-B
(c) Type-C
(d) Type-D
Answer:
(a) Type-A
Question 4.
Lena transformed from being a disorganised person to a stable and sensible individual. She achieved this by implementing specific changes within herself.
What is the most effective method for bringing about drastic changes in certain aspects of oneself ? (1)
(a) Observation of own behaviour
(b) Self-instruction
(c) Observation of other’s behaviour
(d) Self-esteem
Answer:
(a) Observation of own behaviour
Question 5.
………………. is an exceptional general ability shown in superior performance in a wide variety of areas. (1)
(a) Talent
(b) Intelligence
(c) Creativity
(d) Giftedness
Answer:
(d) Giftedness
Question 6.
Sanjana was asked to describe herself in a job interview. She begins by telling her name, her qualities or characteristics, such as, honesty and hardworking. Then she talks about her singing ability, and her beliefs about destiny. In this case, Sanjana is disclosing her (1)
(a) social identity
(b) cultural identity
(c) personal identity
(d) psychological identity
Answer:
(c) personal identity
Question 7.
In the following question, a statement of
Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of the Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option. (1)
Assertion (A) The message is the information that is presented in order to ; bring about an attitude change.
Reason (R) Source credibility and attractiveness are two features that affect ; attitude change.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Question 8.
Siddhartha is just 7 years old but he has extremely good hand writing and his teachers told his parents in PTM that there is good chance that Siddhartha shall become a good writer in future. What sort of trait demonstrated by Siddhartha here ? (1)
(a) Aptitude
(b) Personality
(c) Attitude
(d) Intelligence
Answer:
(a) Aptitude
Question 9.
During the Renaissance period, who among the following emphasised that psychological conflict disturbed interpersonal relations are cause of psychological disorders?
(a) Gary Foster
(b) Johann Weyer
(c) Sigmund Freud
(d) Carl Rogers
Answer:
(b) Johann Weyer
Question 10.
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of the Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option.
Assertion (A) Behaviour therapy uses a unified theory regardless of the clinical diagnosis.
Reason (R) The symptoms of the client and the clinical diagnosis guide the selection of specific techniques or interventions. (1)
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer:
(d) A is false, but R is true
Question 11.
Sridhar and his colleagues were shortlisted in their office for a random skills test to predict what an individual will be able to do if given proper environment and training.
Which of the following tests will be used?
(a) Individual Behaviour Test
(b) Organisational Behaviour Test
(c) Qualitative-Quantitative Test
(d) Aptitude Test
Answer:
(d) Aptitude Test
Question 12.
Identify the disorder, where an individual gets irrational fears related to specific objects, interactions with people and also fear of situations. (1)
(a) Generalised Anxiety Disorder
(b) Specific Phobia
(c) Panic Phobia
(d) Mental Anxiety Disorder
Answer:
(b) Specific Phobia
Question 13.
The mental exhaustion appears in the form of irritability, anxiety, feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. This state of physical, emotional and psychological exhaustion is called ……………. (1)
(a) hassle
(b) burnout
(c) stress
(d) disorder
Answer:
(b) burnout
Question 14.
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of the Reason (R). Mark the correct option. Read the statements and choose the appropriate option.
Assertion (A) Adults who are planning to buy a laptop are more convinced by a computer engineer who points out the special features of a laptop, than they would be by a school child who might give the same information.
Reason (R) Attitudes will not change when the amount of information that is given about the topic is just enough.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Section B
Very Short Answer Type Questions (Each Que. carries i M)
Question 15.
Giriraj is quite an intelligent boy in his school who loves to participate in inter-school debates and cultural festivals. Can we measure his intelligence through a psychometric approach? How? (2)
Answer:
Yes, Giriraj’s intelligence can be assessed through a psychometric approach. This method evaluates an individual’s cognitive abilities and expresses the results in a single index. It is a widely used approach by researchers to measure various aspects of intelligence, often involving standardised tests that provide quantitative data on cognitive performance.
Question 16.
Arjun grew up in a household where his parents’ behaviour was unpredictable and discouraging. They often ignored his achievements and compared him unfavourably to his siblings. This indifferent and erratic treatment led Arjun to feel insecure, resulting in a deep-seated anxiety known as basic anxiety. According to Horney’s theory, what causes psychological disorders? (2)
Answer:
According to Homey’s theory, psychological disorders are caused by disturbed interpersonal relationships during childhood. When parents exhibit indifferent, discouraging and erratic behaviour toward a child, it leads to feelings of insecurity and basic anxiety. This anxiety can result in deep resentment and basic hostility toward the parents.
Or
Ravi is preparing for his final exams and uses techniques like fasting, observing his study habits, self-instruction, and self-reinforcement. How do these techniques contribute to self-control and the fulfillment of long-term goals ? (2)
Answer:
These techniques contribute to self-control by helping individuals set and achieve goals. Fasting and non-attachment foster discipline, while self-observation provides insights for improvement. Self-instruction guides behaviour and self-reinforcement encourages desired actions, all leading to the fulfillment of long-term objectives.
Question 17.
Describe any two features of personality. (2)
Answer:
Two features of personality are as follows
(i) Its main features do not easily change with time.
(ii) It has both physical and psychological components.
Question 18.
Optimists believe that adversity can be handled successfully. Describe ‘positive thinking’ as a life-skill. (2)
Answer:
Positive thinking or optimism is an important life skill. Positive thinking helps people see and expect positive results in life instead of focusing on the negative. Optimists are able to find solutions for problems and tend to believe in their capacity to handle adverse situations successfully.
Question 19.
Rina constantly experiences severe headaches and stomach pains, despite multiple medical tests showing no physical illness. She is overly worried about her health, frequently visits doctors, and is distressed by her symptoms, significantly impacting her daily life. What disorder is Rina likely experiencing, and how is it defined? (2)
Answer:
Rina is likely experiencing somatic symptom disorder. Somatic symptom disorder involves persistent physical symptoms without a biological cause. Individuals with this disorder are overly preoccupied with their symptoms, worry excessively about their health, and frequently seek medical help, leading to significant distress and disturbances in daily life.
Section C
Short Answer Type Questions (Each Que. carries 3 M)
Question 20.
Is Kundalini yoga effective in the treatment of mental disorders? Elaborates state your reasons. (3)
Answer:
Yes, Kundalini yoga taught in the USA has been found to be effective in treatment of mental disorders. The Institute for Non-linear Science, University of California, San Diego, USA has found that Kundalini yoga is effective in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Kundalini yoga combines pranayama or breathing techniques with chanting of mantras. It help the patients to process emotional stimuli better and hence prevent biases in the processing of these stimuli.
Question 21.
Excessive alcohol consumption can result in social, occupational, and health problems. It has devastating impact on one’s familial relationships as well as one’s physical and mental health. Describe some key facts and effects of alcohol. (3)
Answer:
Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to various problems. All alcoholic beverages contain ethyl alcohol, which is absorbed into the bloodstream and affects the Central Nervous System, slowing down brain function. This can impair judgment, speech, ( memory, and motor skills. Alcohol can also lead to emotional changes, such as increased aggression, and physical effects like unsteadiness and blurred vision.
Question 22.
Describe the Non-specific factors associated with healing in psychotherapy. (3)
Answer:
Non-specific variables are factors supporting the therapeutic relationship, typically attributed to Carl Roger’s Model of Facilitating Conditions for a Therapeutic Alliance. There are several factors that contribute to the healing process. These factors are called non-specific because they occur across different systems of psychotherapy and across different clients/patients and different therapists.
Some of the non-specific factors associated with healing in psychotherapy are as follows
• Non-specific factors attributable to the client/patient are motivation for change, expectation of improvement due to the treatment, etc. These are called patient variables.
• Non-specific factors attributable to the therapist are positive nature, absence of unresolved emotional conflicts, presence of good mental health, etc. These are called therapist variables.
Or
Explain how Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) is beneficial low-risk to the treatment of stress and PTSD. (3)
Answer:
The Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) is a rapid breathing techniques to induce hyperventilation. It is a beneficial, low-risk, low-cost supplement to the treatment of stress, anxiety, Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, stress-related medical illnesses, substance abuse and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
The SKY has been used as a public health intervention technique to alleviate PTSD in survivors of mass disasters. This yoga technique enhance well-being, mood, attention, mental focus and stress tolerance.
Question 23.
Rakesh regularly takes pan masala. He knows that it causes mouth cancer which is fatal. Explain the process Rakesh wants to take for changing his attitude towards pan masala. (3)
Answer:
Rakesh thinks about the two ideas, viz, Cognition I Pan mansala causes mouth cancer which is fatal.
Cognition II He eats pan masala.
These two ideas or cognitions make Rakesh feels that something is ‘out of tune’ or dissonant in the attitude towards pan masala.
Cognitive dissonance is the state of an attitude system in which two congitive elements are logically contradictory or inconsistent.
Thus, one of these ideas will have to be changed, so that consonance (opposite of dissonance) can be attained. In order to remove or reduce the dissonance, Rakesh will stop eating pan masala. This would be the healty, logical and sensible way of reducing dissonance.
Section D
Long Answer Type-I Questions (Each Que. carries 4M)
Question 24.
Explain the negative reinforcement and aversive conditioning methods for behaviour modification ? (4)
Answer:
The negative reinforcement and aversive conditioning are the methods of behaviour modifications. These ere discussed as follows
Negative Reinforcement It is a major technique of behaviour modification. Responses that lead organisms to get rid of painful stimuli or avoid and escape from them provide negative reinforcement.
For example, one learns to put on woollen clothes, bum firewood or use electric heaters to avoid the unpleasant cold weather. Person leams to move away from dangerous stimuli because they provide negative reinforcement.
Aversive Conditioning It refers to repeated association of undesired response with an aversive consequence. For example, an alcoholic is given a mild electric shock and asked to smell the alcohol. With repeated pairings the smell of alcohol is aversive as the pain of ” the shock is associated with it and the person will give up alcohol.
Question 25.
Ishita is a course coordinator, working in a multinational company in Delhi. She is able to understand the feelings and motives of other people. She also interacts with others effectively and is readily available to help her colleagues. This has allowed her to build positive work relations with many colleagues and clients. Based on Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, identify and explain the type of intelligence exhibited by Ishita in the following scenario. (4)
Answer:
Ishita demonstrates high interpersonal intelligence, as defined by Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences. This type of intelligence involves understanding and interacting effectively with others. Ishita’s ability to address issues and support her colleagues indicates her skill in recognising and responding to the moods, motivations, and desires of others. Her interpersonal intelligence allows her to build strong, comfortable relationships, a trait common in psychologists, counselors and social , workers. This intelligence is crucial for creating a harmonious and productive work environment, making Ishita an invaluable asset to her organisation. Ishita’s keen sense of empathy and effective communication skills highlight her exceptional interper
Or
Kunal is a chef, who has been working in the culinary industry for many years. He has developed a deep understanding of flavors, textures, and cooking techniques through years of experience. One day, while experimenting in the kitchen, the chef comes up with a unique combination of ingredients that no one has tried before. According to the triarchic theory, describe the type of intelligence which is demonstrated by Kunal? (4)
Answer:
The type of intelligence demonstrated by kunal is experiential intelligence, as per the triarchic theory proposed by Robert Sternberg. It is because it shows his ability in creatively using past experiences to develop innovative dishes. Experiential intelligence involves the ability to effectively use past experiences in new and novel ways to solve problems or create innovative solutions.
In this case, the chef’s deep understanding of flavours, textures, and cooking techniques, gained through years of culinary experience, allows them to experiment with new ingredients and combinations to create unique dishes. This ability to integrate different experiences in an original way aligns with the concept of experiential intelligence, which plays a key role in creative problem solving and innovation.
Question 26.
Aman, is a young adult, who is self-aware and accepts responsibility for his actions and choices. Aman lives in the present, focusing on the current moment rather than dwelling on the past or worrying about the future. Do you think that Aman has a healthy personality according to the humanistic perspective ? Describe the meaning of a healthy personality and what other traits represent it ? (4)
Answer:
Aman exemplifies a healthy personality from the humanistic perspective. Humanistic theorists, such as Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, suggest that a healthy personality involves a profound need for self-awareness, authenticity, and personal growth.
Aman’s self-awareness is shown by his understanding of his emotions and acceptance of responsibility for his actions. Moreover, his ability to live in the present moment, free from the constraints of the past and anxieties of the future, demonstrates a level of psychological maturity and authenticity.
Humanistic psychology emphasises the importance of individuals being true to themselves, accepting themselves fully, and experiencing life authentically in the present moment. Aman’s characteristics align closely with these ideals, suggesting that he indeed possesses a healthy personality according to the humanistic perspective.
Question 27.
Define prejudice. Examine the strategies for addressing prejudice. (4)
Answer:
Prejudices are examples of attitudes towards a particular group. They are usually negative, and in many cases, based on stereotypes. Thus, psychologists have suggested that strategies for handling prejudice would be effective if they aim to minimise opportunities for learning prejudices change. Such attitudes and de-emphasise a narrow social identity based on the in-group among other approaches.
The first step in handling prejudice is to know about its causes or sources. Thus, the strategies for handling prejudice would be effective if they aim at
• Minimising opportunities for learning prejudices.
• Changing prejudice attitudes.
• De-emphasising a narrow social identity based on the in-group.
• Discouraging the tendency towards self-fulfilling prophecy among the victims of prejudice.
These strategies are successful only if
• The two groups meet in a cooperative rather than competitive context.
• Close interactions between the groups helps them to know each other better.
• The two groups are not different in power or status.
Section E
Long Answer Type-II Questions (Each oue. carries 6 M)
Question 28.
What is social loafing, and how does it manifest in group settings ? How can social loafing be reduced ? (2+4)
Answer:
Social loafing is a phenomenon where individuals exert less effort in group settings compared to when working alone. This occurs because individuals feel less accountable for the outcome when their efforts are combined with others. Additionally, the lack of individual evaluation in a group diminishes motivation.
To address social loafing, efforts can be made to increase individual accountability by making each person’s contribution identifiable. This can be achieved through
• Clear task assignments or by tracking individual progress.
• Emphasising the importance of the task and the value of each individual’s contribution can enhance motivation and reduce social loafing.
• Strengthening group cohesion by fostering a sense of belonging and shared responsibility can also mitigate social loafing.
• Reducing social loafing requires creating an environment where individuals feel valued, accountable, and motivated to contribute to the group’s success.
Or
What do you understand by the ‘Tajfel’s Minimal Group Paradigm Experiment’? (6)
Answer:
The Tajfel’s Minimal Group Paradigm Experiment was a methodology employed in social psychology to investigate the minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur between groups. This paradigm accepted a number of assumptions, concepts, values or practices in order to better allow a view of reality in relation to the onset of human group formation.
Tajfel and his colleagues were interested in knowing the minimal conditions for inter-group behaviour. ‘Minimal Group Paradigm’ was developed to answer this question.
British school-boys expressed their preference for paintings by two artists that are Vassily Kandinsky and Paul Klee. Children were told that it was an experiment on decision-making. Experiments using this approach have revealed that even arbitrary and virtually meaningless distinctions between groups can trigger a tendency to favour one’s own group at the expense others.
The Minimal Group Paradigm had been presumed that pre-existing individual personality or social tensions between groups were necessary to give rise to prejudice or discrimination.
Question 29.
Describe any four stress management techniques. (1 + 5)
Answer:
Stress is a silent killer which plays a significant role in physical illness and disease. Hypertension, heart disease, ulcers, diabetes and even cancer are linked to stress.
Four stress management techniques are
1. Relaxation Techniques It is an active skill that reduces symptoms of stress and decreases the incidence of illnesses such as high blood pressure and heart disease. Relaxation starts from the lower part of the body and progresses up to the facial muscles in such a way that the whole body is relaxed. Deep breathing is used alongwith muscle relaxation to calm the mind and relax the body.
2. Meditation Procedures The yogic method of meditation consists of a sequence of learned techniques for refocusing of attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness. It involves such a thorough concentration that the meditator becomes unaware of any outside stimulation and reaches a different state of consciousness.
3. Biofeedback It is a procedure to monitor and reduce the physiological aspects of stress by providing feedback about current physiological activity and is often accompanied by relaxation training.
Biofeedback training involves three stages
• Developing an awareness of the particular physiological response, e.g. heart rate.
• Learning ways of controlling physio-logical response in quiet conditions.
• Transferring control into the conditions of everyday life.
4. Creative Visualisation It is an effective technique for dealing with stress. It is a subjective experience that uses imagery and imagination. Before visualising one must set oneself a realistic goal, as it helps to build confidence.
It is easier to visualise if one’s mind is quiet, body relaxed and eyes are closed. This reduces the risk of interference from unbidden thoughts and provides the creative energy needed for turning an imagined scene into reality.
Or
Examination anxiety is a common experience for many students. Describe the nature of examination anxiety, its potential effects on student performance, and strategies that can be employed to manage and reduce examination anxiety. (1 + 5)
Answer:
Examination anxiety is a common experience among students, characterised by feelings of tension, worry, and fear before, during or after exams. While some level of anxiety can be motivating and enhance performance, excessive anxiety can have detrimental effects on a student’s ability to perform at their best. This phenomenon, also known as test anxiety, can lead to difficulties in concentration, memory recall, and overall performance.
To manage examination anxiety, students can employ various strategies, such as
• Proper time management for studying is essential, as it allows students to cover all necessary material without feeling overwhelmed.
• Identifying and addressing areas of weakness can help build confidence and reduce anxiety.
• Seeking support from teachers and classmates can provide valuable insights and reassurance.
• Developing a revision timetable can help organise study sessions and reduce last-minute cramming, which can contribute to anxiety.
• Practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or meditation, can also help students stay calm and focused during exams.
• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial in managing examination anxiety. Regular exercise can help reduce stress levels and improve overall well-being. .
By understanding the nature of examination anxiety and implementing effective strategies to manage it, students can improve their performance and approach exams with greater confidence and success.
Section F
Case -Based Questions (Each Case carries Que. of 3 M)
Read the case stduy given below and answer the questions that follow.
With respect to the role of environment, studies have reported that as children grow in age, their intelligence level tends to move closer to that of their adoptive parents. Children from disadvantaged homes adopted into families with higher socioeconomic status exhibit a large increase in their intelligence scores.
There is evidence that environmental deprivation lowers intelligence while rich nutrition, good family background, and quality schooling increases intelligence. There is a general consensus among psychologists that intelligence is a product of complex interaction of heredity and environment.
Heredity can best be viewed as something that sets a range within which an individual’s development is actually shaped by the support and opportunities of the environment.
Question 30.
Is intelligence determined by factors such as, heredity and environment? (1)
Answer:
Heredity and environment play a great role in the development of intelligence in children adolescents. During childhood, the environment influences intelligence test performance by up to 60% while hereditary factors influence it by 40%.
Question 31.
Do adoptive and biologically related families influence intellectual development differently? (2)
Answer:
Yes, adoptive and biologically related families affect intellectual development. The comparison of adoptive and biologically related families provides a framework for studying both within and between family effects on intellectual development. Furthermore, related and unrelated persons, living together and apart, offer an opportunity to estimate genetic and environmental effects on individual variation.
Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow.
Dissociative Amnesia is characterised by extensive but selective memory loss that has no known organic cause (e.g., head injury). Some people cannot remember anything about their past. Others can no longer recall specific events, people, places or objects, while their memory for other events remains intact. A part of dissociative amnesia is dissociative fugue.
Essential feature of this could be an unexpected travel away from home and workplace, the assumption of a new identity, and the inability to recall the previous identity. The fugue usually ends when the person suddenly ‘wakes up’ with no memory of the events that occurred during the fugue. This disorder is often associated with an overwhelming stress.
Question 32.
What do you understand by Dissociative Identity Disorder? (1)
Answer:
The dissociative identity disorder, often referred to as multiple personality. It is the most dramatic of the dissociative disorders. It is often associated with traumatic experiences in childhood. In this disorder, the person assumes alternate personalities that may or may not be aware of each other.
Question 33.
Identify the disorder in which a person has a sense of being separated both from self and reality. (2)
Answer:
This disorder is called Depersonalisation or Derealisation disorder that involves a dream like state in which the person has a sense of being separated both from self and from reality. In Depersonalisation, there is a change of self-perception and the person’s sense of reality is temporarily lost or changed.