Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology with Solutions Set 2 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology Set 2 with Solutions
Time Allowed: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions :
- All questions are compulsory except where internal choice has been given.
- Question Nos. 1 -15 in Section A carry 1 mark each. You are expected to answer them as directed.
- Question Nos. 16-21 in Section B are very short answer type-I questions carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
- Question Nos. 22-24 in Section C are short answer type-II questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 60 words. - Question Nos. 25 – 28 in Section D are long answer type questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
- Question Nos. 29-30 in Section E are long answer type questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words.
- Question Nos. 31-34 in Section F are based on two cases given. Answer to each one-mark question should not exceed 20 words. Answer to each two-mark question should not exceed 30 words.
Section A
Multiple Choice Questions (Each Que. carries 1M)
Question 1.
In the stage, …………… the parasympathetic nervous system calls for more cautious use of the body’s resources. (1)
(a) alarm reaction
(b) resistance
(c) exhaustion
(d) adaptation
Answer:
(b) resistance
Question 2.
RET has been proposed by …………….. (1)
(a) Abraham Maslow
(b) Albert Ellis
(c) Aaron Beck
(d) Carl Rogers
Answer:
(b) Albert Ellis
Question 3.
Kanika is a 35-year-old woman who feels overwhelmed by her emotions but finds it difficult to express them. Sbe feels disconnected from herself and struggles to understand why she reacts to situations the way she does. Despite her successful career, Kanika feels a sense of emptiness and dissatisfaction in her life. She might benefit from a therapy that focuses on increasing self-awareness and self-acceptance. Identify the type of therapy which can help her. (1)
(a) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
(b) Gestalt Therapy
(c) Psychodynamic Therapy
(d) Existential Therapy
Answer:
(b) Gestalt Therapy
Question 4.
Rudra, a final year commerce student was arrested by local police in the theft and forgery case. His neighbours were quite surprised as Rudra generally has characteristics of nice and decent behaviour who always used to speak softly with others. Identify the factors which brings consistency between attitudes and behaviour. (1)
I. Strong attitude that occupies in the central position
II. No external pressure
III. No group pressure .
IV. Loosely observed Person’s Behaviour- Attitude
Choose the correct option.
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) I, II and III
(d) II and IV
Answer:
(c) I, II and III
Question 5.
In this question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option.
Assertion (A) The basis of meaning making is a person’s quest for finding the spiritual truth of one’s existence.
Reason (R) Therefore Frankl emphasised the role of spiritual anxieties in leading to meaninglessness.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Question 6.
Name the psychologist who experimented the prejudices and attitude – behaviour relationship survey by American towards Chinese. (1)
(a) Abraham Maslow
(b) Joseph E. McGrath
(c) Richard LaPiere
(d) B F Skinner
Answer:
(c) Richard LaPiere
Question 7.
Shrishti is elder daughter of Gupta family. She is considered as the most introverted person in the family who doesn’t mix up with people and loves to remain busy in her own projects and studies. Which among the following are not introversion personality traits? (1)
(a) Impulsive
(b) Solitary
(c) Socially withdrawn
(d) Cautious and passive
Answer:
(a) Impulsive
Question 8.
Which among the following is a dynamic developmental process that involves maintenance of positive adjustment under challenging life conditions ? (1)
(a) Positive attribute
(b) Resilience
(c) Free spirit
(d) Stress Management
Answer:
(b) Resilience
Question 9.
Which of the following therapies adopts a bio-psychosocial approach to understanding of psychopathology ? (1)
(a) Alternative Therapy
(b) Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
(c) Humanistic Therapy
(d) Therapeutic Alliance
Answer:
(b) Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Question 10.
In this question, a statement of Assertion
(A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option. (1 >
Assertion (A) Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of intelligence represents the information-processing approach to understand intelligence.
Reason (R) According to this model, intellectual activity involves the interdependent functioning of three neurological systems, called the functional units of brain.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Question 11.
Despite experiencing strong feelings of anger towards her colleague, Jane always goes out of her way to be excessively kind and helpful to him. Which defense mechanism is Jane exhibiting if she feels strong anger towards her colleague but acts excessively kind and helpful towards him? (1)
(a) Sublimation
(b) Denial
(c) Reaction formation
(d) Projection
Answer:
(c) Reaction formation
Question 12.
Name the skill that has a positive effects on reducing tension, anxiety and depression. (1)
(a) Physical exercise
(b) Social alienation
(c) Excessive eating
(d) Excessive sleeping
Answer:
(a) Physical exercise
Question 13.
Depression cases are fast increasing in India with over 5 crore people suffering from the disorder, the highest in South-East Asia and Western Pacific region, which includes China, according to WHO.
Which among the following is/are disposing factors towards Depression ? (1)
I. Feelings of sadness or hopelessness
II. Angry outbursts
III. Irritability or frustration
IV. Hallucinations
Choose the correct option.
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) I, II and III
(d) I, II, III and IV
Answer:
(c) I, II and III
Question 14.
Rahul, a 35-year-old man with schizophrenia, often hears voices speaking to him, telling him to do things or commenting on his actions. All of this is distressing and confusing for him, as the voices sometimes argue with each other or make derogatory remarks about him. In this example, Rahul’s experience of hearing voices is an example of (1)
(a) Visual hallucinations
(b) Auditory hallucinations
(c) Tactile hallucinations
(d) Olfactory hallucinations
Answer:
(b) Auditory hallucinations
Section B
Very Short Answer Type Questions (Each Que. carries 2 M)
Question 15.
Swarnalipi is an organised girl who does everything according to her own schedule and planning. She also motivates others to do the same. Identify and define the type of her intelligence. (2)
Answer:
Swamalipi has interpersonal intelligence. It is the ability to communicate with people and connecting with them interpersonally. The child looks for being a commentor, a businessperson should have this skill.
Question 16.
Urmila has enrolled in a new skill development course to further enhance her career. She never hesitate to expand her knowledge. What does Carl Rogers says about people like Urmila? (2)
Answer:
According to Rogers, individuals like Urmila tend to have a high degree of self-actualisation, which refers to the realisation and fulfillment of one’s potential. They are motivated by a drive for personal growth and have a strong desire to continuously learn and develop new skills.
Or
Parents of Sonam are really proud of her daughter as she is the youngest Youtuber with 5 million strong followers. She is just 7 but has memorised various facts and figures.
Explain the two characteristics of her personality. (2)
Answer:
The two characteristics of Sonam’s personality in this scenario are
(i) Achievement Orientation Sonam’s ability to become the youngest youtuber with 5 million followers at the age of 7 showcases her achievement orientation. This characteristic refers to her strong drive to set goals, work hard and accomplish tasks successfully.
(ii) Advanced Cognitive Abilities Sonam’s exceptional ability to memorise various facts and figures at a doing age highlights her advanced cognitive abilities.
Question 17.
Explain any two features of Self-report Measures Test. (2)
Answer:
Two features of Self-report Measures Tests are
(i) Subjectivity Self-report measures rely on individuals subjective responses to questions on statements. Participant provide their own perceptions beliefs and attitudes which may be influenced by personal biases or social desirability.
(ii) Accessibility Self-report measures are relatively easy to administer and can be conducted through questionnaires or interviews.
Question 18.
Rahul has a positive attitude towards foreigners, believing they are interesting and friendly. This attitude provides him with a mental framework that guides his behaviour, making him more open and welcoming whenever he meets someone from another country.
What is the purpose served by an attitude (2)
Answer:
Attitudes are important as they provide a background that makes it easier for a person to decide how to act in new situations. For example, our attitude towards foreigners may indirectly provide a mental ‘layout7 or ‘blueprint7 for the way in which we should behave whenever we meet one.
Question 19.
Name the psychological disorder where an individual behaves temporarily in two different or opposite ways at the same time. (2)
Answer:
Dissociative Identify Disorder (DID) formerly known as multiple personality disorder, is the psychological disorder where an individual behaves temporarily in two different or opposite ways at the same time. It is often associated with traumatic experiences in childhood. In this disorder, the person assumes alternate personalities that may or may not be aware of each other.
Section C
Short Answer Type Questions (Each Que. carries 3 M)
Question 20.
Mandy is an emerging and promising Radio Jockey (RJ) who hosts a Q&A session every Saturday from 9 to 10 PM. He addresses common problems and issues related to difficult married life over the phone. Do you believe he possesses certain personality traits? (3)
Answer:
It seems that Mandy may possess certain personality traits that are conducive to his role as a Radio Jockey (RJ), such as empathy, good communication skills, and the ability to engage with listeners effectively. Additionally, his willingness to address common problems and difficult issues related to marriage life suggests that he may also have traits like compassion, patience, and a desire to help others.
Question 21.
Rani, a 10 years girl has been diagnosed with moderate level of self-skill and speech-related problem. Medical treatment proved unsuccessful to bring her into mainstream life. Describe some characteristics of individuals with varying levels of intellectual disability. (3)
Answer:
Individuals with intellectual disabilities may exhibit a range of characteristics depending on the severity of their condition.
In moderate intellectual disability, individuals may have challenges with speech and language skills, as well as difficulties in self-care and social interactions. They may require support in learning academic skills and may benefit from structured environments. Each individual’s strengths and areas of need vary and personalised approaches are necessary for optimal support and inclusion.
Question 22.
How Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT) is used in biomedical therapy? (3)
Answer:
Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT) is a biomedical therapy primarily used in cases of severe depression, bipolar disorder or other mental illnesses. It involves the application of electrical currents to the brain, inducing a controlled seizure. ECT is believed to alter brain chemistry and provide relief from symptoms. It is administered under anesthesia and typically requires a series of sessions for effectiveness.
Or
How is psychotherapy proving helpful through its different therapeutic approaches? Describe five goals and aims of Psychotherapy. (1 + 2)
Answer:
Psychotherapy is beneficial through its various therapeutic approaches by addressing a range of mental health concerns.
Five goals and aims of psychotherapy include
(i) Enhancing self-awareness and insight.
(ii) Promoting emotional healing and well-being.
(iii) Developing effective coping mechanisms and problem-solving skills.
(iv) Improving communication and interpersonal relationships.
(v) Facilitating personal growth, self-acceptance and self-empowerment. These aims help individuals overcome challenges, improve mental health and lead more fulfilling lives.
Question 23.
“Attitude are learned through one’s own experience.” Critically examine this statement. (3)
Answer:
Attitudes are formed as we interact with others. However, there are specific conditions -that lead to the formation of specific attitudes. In general, attitudes are learned through one’s own experiences, and through interaction with others.
There are a few research studies that show some sort of inborn aspect of attitudes, but such genetic factors influence attitudes only indirectly, along with learning. Therefore, most social psychologists have focused on the conditions which lead to the learning of attitudes.
Section D
Long Answer Type-1 Questions (Each Que. carries 4 M)
Question 24.
Why modern thinkers and psychologists gives utmost importance to Emotional Intelligence? Mention some of its attributes. (1+3)
Answer:
Modem thinkers and psychologists give great importance to Emotional Intelligence (El) because it is recognised as a crucial factor in individual well-being and success. El refers to a person’s ability to understand, manage and express emotions effectively. Some attributes that highlight the significance of El include
• Self-awareness The ability to recognise and understand one’s own emotions, strengths and limitations.
• Empathy The capacity to understand and share the feelings of others, promoting better interpersonal relationships and communication.
• Emotional regulation The skill to manage and regulate emotions, avoiding impulsive or destructive behaviour.
• Social skills The ability to build and maintain healthy relationships, resolves conflicts and collaborate effectively with others’.
• Resilience The capacity to bounce back from adversity, cope with stress and adapt to challenging situations.
Or
What is the role of ‘Arousal-Attention’ in PASS Model of Intelligence? Explain with some of its characteristics. (1+3)
Answer:
The PASS Model of Intelligence, developed by JP Das and colleagues, emphasises the role of Arousal- ‘ Attention in cognitive processing. Arousal refers to the level of activation or alertness in an individual, while attention refers to the ability to focus and sustain attention on specific stimuli.
In the PASS model, Arousal-Attention is considered the foundation of cognitive functioning, impacting other cognitive processes.
Some of its characteristics include
• Alertness Arousal-Attention determines the level of alertness, influencing the efficiency of cognitive ’ processes.
• Selective Attention It involves focusing on specific stimuli while filtering out irrelevant information.
• Sustained Attention The ability to maintain focus over an extended period, important for tasks requiring concentration.
• Divided Attention It could be defined as our brain’s ability to attend two different stimuli at the same time and respond to the multiple demands of your surroundings.
• Vigilance The ability to stay attentive and detect relevant information in a sustained and focused manner.
• Arousal Attention impacts other cognitive functions like memory, problem-solving and decision-making. By understanding and effectively managing arousal levels and attentional processes, individuals can optimise their cognitive abilities and enhance overall cognitive functioning.
Question 25.
Sanya, a psychology student, is conducting a study on personality assessment techniques. She decides to use projective techniques to uncover unconscious motives and feelings in her participants. How do projective techniques differ from direct methods of personality assessment, and what advantage do they offer in understanding an individual’s personality? (4)
Answer:
Projective techniques differ from direct methods of personality assessment in several key ways.
• Firstly, they rely on unstructured or less structured stimuli, such as ambiguous images or incomplete sentences, as opposed to direct questioning.
• Secondly, participants are not informed about the purpose of the assessment or how their responses will be scored or interpreted.
• Thirdly, there are no correct or incorrect responses, as each response is considered to reveal a significant aspect of personality.
• Finally, scoring and interpretation of projective techniques are often subjective and require extensive training.
The advantage of projective techniques lies in their ability to access unconscious motives and feelings, which direct methods often fail to uncover. By allowing individuals to project their feelings, desires, and needs onto ambiguous stimuli, these techniques provide a more nuanced understanding of an individual’s personality. This offers insights that may not be accessible through direct questioning alone.
Question 26.
Ravi is known for his imaginative and curious nature. He enjoys exploring new ideas and engaging in cultural activities.
He is also very social, outgoing, and assertive, often taking the lead in social situations. However, he tends to be emotionally unstable, often feeling anxious and distressed. Despite this, he is highly dependable, responsible, and hardworking, always striving to achieve his goals. Additionally, he is very friendly and cooperative, always willing to help others. Based on the Five-Factor.Model of Personality, identify and describe the five personality traits that characterise Ravi. (4)
Answer:
Ravi’s personality can be described using the Five-Factor Model (FFM)
(i) Openness to Experience Ravi demonstrates high levels of openness, as evidenced by his imaginative and curious nature. He enjoys exploring new ideas and is interested in cultural pursuits.
(ii) Extraversion Ravi exhibits high levels of extraversion, as he is socially active, assertive, and outgoing. He enjoys being around people and is often the life of the party.
(iii) Agreeableness Ravi scores high in agreeableness, as he is helpful, cooperative, friendly, and caring. He is empathetic towards others and goes out of his way to assist those in need.
(iv) Neuroticism Ravi shows moderate levels of neuroticism, experiencing occasional emotional instability, anxiety, and distress. Overall, Ravi is resilient and is able to cope effectively with life’s challenges.
(v) Conscientiousness Ravi displays high levels of conscientiousness, as he is achievement- oriented, dependable, responsible, and hardworking.
Question 27.
Define disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders ? (4)
Answer:
The disorders under disruptive, impulse- control and conduct disorders category are Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorders and others.
These are discussed belowOppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder are irritable, defiant, disobedient and behave in a hostile manner. Individuals with ODD do not see themselves as angry, oppositional or defiant. They often justify their behaviour as reaction to circurrtstances or demands.
So, the symptom of the disorder become entangled with the problematic interactions with others.
Conduct Disorder (CD) and Anti-social Behaviour It refers to age inappropriate actions and attitudes that violate family expectations, societal norms and the personal or property rights of others. The behaviours in conduct disorder include aggressive actions that cause or threaten harm to people or animals, non-aggressive conduct that causes property damage, major deceitfulness or theft and serious rule violations.
Some types of aggressive behaviour are
• Verbal aggression (i.e. name-calling, swearing)
• Physical aggression (i.e. hitting, fighting)
• Hostile aggression (i.e. directed at inflicting injury to others)
• Proactive aggression (i.e. dominating and bullying others without provocation).
Section E
Long Answer Type-ll Questions (Each Que. carries 6 M)
Question 28.
“The Group satisfies one’s psychological and social needs.” Elaborate. (6)
Answer:
Groups play a significant role in satisfying an individual’s psychological and social needs. They provide a sense of belonging, support, and fulfillment, contributing to overall well-being.
Several ways in which groups satisfy these needs are
• Belongingness Being part of a group fulfills the innate human need to belong and connect with others.
It provides a sense of identity, acceptance and affiliation, reducing feelings of loneliness and isolation.
• Emotional Support Groups offer a platform for sharing experiences, emotions and challenges. They provide empathy, understanding and encouragement, which can alleviate stress, anxiety, and depression. Emotional support from group members fosters a sense of security and validation.
• Social Interaction Group participation allows individuals to engage in social interactions, fostering friendships and social bonds. It offers opportunities for shared activities, conversations, and connections, which enhance interpersonal skills and provide a sense of enjoyment.
• Self-esteem and Validation Within a group, individuals receive validation and recognition for their contributions, ideas and achievements.
Positive feedback and encouragement from others boost self-esteem and self-worth, promoting personal growth and confidence.
• Information and Learning Groups serve as valuable sources of information, knowledge and learning. Through shared experiences, discussions, and diverse perspectives, individuals gain insights, broaden their horizons and acquire new skills.
• Norms and Identity Groups establish norms, values, and shared identities that guide behaviour and create a sense of purpose. Being part of a group provides individuals with a collective identity and a framework for understanding their role within society.
Or
Explain the major advantages and disadvantages by group formation. (6)
Answer:
Group formation offers both advantages and disadvantages. Understanding these can help individuals participate effectively in groups.
Here are some major advantages and disadvantages of group formation
Advantages
• Increased Resources Groups pool together a diverse range of skills, knowledge, and perspectives, resulting in increased resources and problem-solving capabilities.
• Synergy and Creativity Collaboration within groups often leads to synergy, where collective efforts generate ideas and solutions that surpass individual contributions. Group dynamics can stimulate creativity and innovation.
• Support and Motivation Groups provide
emotional support, encouragement, and motivation, boosting individual confidence and commitment to achieving shared goals.
• Learning Opportunities Interacting with group members allows for the exchange of information, insights, and feedback, fostering individual learning and growth.
Disadvantages
• Groupthink In some cases, group cohesion can lead to groupthink, where individuals prioritise harmony and consensus over critical thinking.
This can hinder independent thought and innovation.
• Conflict and Miscommunication Differences in opinions, personalities, and communication styles can lead to conflicts and misunderstandings within groups, impeding progress.
• Free-Riding Some individuals may rely on others’ efforts and contributions, reducing overall productivity and fairness within the group.
• Time Constraints Group decision-making processes may take longer due to discussions, negotiations, and consensus-building, potentially slowing down progress.
Question 29.
How does stress impact the immune system and health? (3+3)
Answer:
Stress can cause illness by impairing the workings of the immune system. The immune system guards the body against attackers, both from within and outside the body. When a person experiences stress there body releases hormones, such as cortisol, which can suppress immune system function.
This can lead to a weaseled immune response and an increased susceptibility to illnesses and infections prolonged or chronic stress can also disrupt the balance of the immune system, making it less effective in fighting off pathogens.
Stress can affect natural killer cell cytotoxicity which is of major importance in the defence against various infections and cancer. Reduced levels of natural killer cell cytotoxicity have been found in people who are highly stressed.
When stress is continued, it affects physical health and impairs psychological functioning. People experience exhaustion and attitudinal problems when the stress due to demands from the environment and constraints are too high and little support is available from family and friends. The physical exhaustion is seen in the signs of chronic fatigue, weakness and low energy. The mental exhaustion appears in the form of irritability, anxiety, feelings of helplessness and hopelessness.
This state of physical, emotional and psychological exhaustion is known as burnout.
Or
Given what you know about coping strategies, what suggestion would you give to your friends to avoid stress in their everyday lives. (6)
Answer:
Coping is a dynamic situation-specific reaction to stress. It is a set of concrete responses to stressful situations or events that are intended to resolve the problem and reduce stress. The way we cope with stress often depends on rigid deep-seated beliefs, based on experience.
I would like to give some suggestions to my friends to avoid stress in everyday lives. These are
(i) They can follow ‘Task-oriented’ strategy. It involves deciding priorities and acting directly with the stressful situation. For example, a person can schedule his time better and think about how he has to solve the problems according to their priorities.
(ii) Stressed person can make efforts to maintain hope and control his own emotions. This ‘Emotion-oriented’ strategy involves venting feelings of anger and frustration on deciding that nothing can be done to change things.
(iii) Individual can follow ‘Avoidance-oriented’ strategy which involves denying or minimising the, seriousness of the situation. In this strategy individual consciously suppress the stressful thoughts and replace the stress by self-protective thoughts such as calling up a friend or watching TV, etc.
Section F
Case- Based Questions (Each case carries Que. of 3 M)
Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow.
Interpersonal intelligence is an ability to understand to subtle aspects of others’ behaviours. Psychologists, counsellors, politicians, social workers, and religious leaders are likely to possess high interpersonal intelligence. On the other hand, intrapersonal is an ability to understand of one’s own feelings, motives, and desires.
This refers to the knowledge of one’s internal strengths and limitations and using that knowledge to effectively relate to others. Persons high” on this ability have finer sensibilities regarding their identity, human existence, and meaning of life.
Philosophers and spiritual leaders present examples of this type of intelligence.
Question 30.
Psychologist, counsellors, politicians, social workers, and religious leaders are likely to posses high interpersonal intelligence. Why? (1)
Answer:
Psychologists, counsellors, politicians, social workers and religious leaders are likely to have higher interpersonal intelligence because it is an ability of understanding one’s own feelings, motives and desire.
Question 31.
Describe any two methods to enhance one’s interpersonal intelligence. (2)
Answer:
Two methods to enhance one’s interpersonal intelligence are
(i) Active Listening To practice attentive listening, ask open-ended questions and show genuine interest in others.
(ii) Emotional Intelligence Training It develop self-awareness, empathy, and effective emotional regulation to navigate interpersonal relationship.
Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow.
Children with autism spectrum disorder experience profound difficulties in relating to other people. They are unable to initiate social behaviour and seem unresponsive to other people’s feelings. They are unable to share experiences or emotions with others. They also show serious abnormalities in communication and language that persist over time. Many of them never develop speech and those who do, have repetitive and deviant speech patterns.
Such children often show narrow patterns of interests and repetitive behaviours such as lining up objects or stereotyped body movements such as rocking. These motor movements may be self-stimulatory such as hand flapping or self-injurious such as banging their head against the wall.
Question 32.
What challenges do children face in autism spectrum disorder ? (1)
Answer:
Children with autistic disorder have marked difficulties in social interaction and communication, a restricted range of interests and strong desire for routine.
Question 33.
Describe some of the signs of self-stimulatory behaviour of child autism. (2)
Answer:
Some signs of self-stimulatory behaviour in children with autism include repetitive actions like hand-flapping, rocking, spinning, flicking objects, repetitive vocalisations, and intense pre-occupation with specific objects or topics.