Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions Set 7 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 7 with Solutions
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks : 80
General Instructions:
- The question paper consists of five sections (A, B, C, D and E) with 30 questions in total.
- All questions are compulsory.
- Question numbers 1 – 12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
- Question numbers 13 – 18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50 – 60 words each.
- Question numbers 19 – 23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100 – 120 words each.
There is an internal choice in two of the 4 marks questions. - Question numbers 24 – 26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
- Question numbers 27 – 30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170 – 180 words.
- There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.
Section A (12 Marks)
Question 1.
The influence of Arab Spring could also be seen in ……………….. . (1)
(a) Yemen and Bahrain
(b) Libya
(c) Syria
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above
Question 2.
Which of the following nations adopted an ‘open door’policy? (1)
(a) China
(b) South Korea
(c) Japan
(d) USA
Answer:
(a) China
Question 3.
The countries which used WTO to advance it own interest are (1)
(a) USA
(b) European Union
(c) Japan
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these
Question 4.
The First Five Years Plan was implemented in (1)
(a) 1950
(b) 1951
(c) 1952
(d) 1953
Answer:
(b) 1951
Question 5.
Which of the following North Eastern States were erstwhile princely states which merged with India after Independence? (1)
(a) Tripura
(b) Manipur
(c) Khasi Hills of Meghalaya
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above
Question 6.
Match the following.
List – I (Nature of Regional Aspirations) | List – II (State) |
A. Socio-religious identity leading to statehood. | 1. Nagaland/Mizoram |
B. Linguistic identity and tensions with centre | 2. Jharkhand/Chattisgarh |
C. Regional imbalance leading to demand for statehood | 3. Punjab |
D. Secessionist demand on account of tribal identity | 4. Tamil Nadu |
Codes
Answer:
(a) 3 4 2 1
List – I (Nature of Regional Aspirations) | List – II (State) |
A. Socio-religious identity leading to statehood. | 3. Punjab |
B. Linguistic identity and tensions with centre | 4. Tamil Nadu |
C. Regional imbalance leading to demand for statehood | 2. Jharkhand/Chattisgarh |
D. Secessionist demand on account of tribal identity | 1. Nagaland/Mizoram |
Question 7.
The headquarter of World Health Organisation is in ………………. . (1)
(a) Paris, France
(b) Geneva, Switzerland
(c) New York, United States of America
(d) London, United Kingdom
Answer:
(b) Geneva, Switzerland
Question 8.
How many founder states signed the UN charter in 1945? (1)
(a) 45
(b) 51
(c) 52
(d) 56
Answer:
(b) 51
Question 9.
Which among the following were not associated with Bahujan Samaj Party? (1)
(a) B P Mandal
(b) V P Singh
(c) Kanshi Ram
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Directions (Q. Nos. 10 and 11) In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read these . statements and choose the correct option.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct c explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Question 10.
Assertion (A) : The First Five Year Plan addressed mainly the agrarian sector including investment in dams and irrigation.
Reason (R) : Agricultural sector was hit holdest by partition and needed urgent attention. (1)
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct c explanation of A.
Question 11.
Assertion (A) : The era of Multi-party System began after the election of 1989.
Reason (R) : Election in 1989 led to the defeat of the Congress party and ended its dominance over the Indian Party System. (1)
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct c explanation of A.
Question 12.
Arrange the following in a chronological order. (1)
1. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
2. Fall of the Berlin Wall
3. Disintegration of Soviet Union
4. Operation Enduring Freedom
Codes
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
(b) 2, 1, 3, 4
(c) 3, 2, 1, 4
(d) 4, 3, 1, 2
Answer:
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
Section B (12 Marks)
Question 13.
Is there any difference between the perspective adopted by the rich and the poor nations to protect the Earth at Rio-Summit? (2)
Answer:
Yes, the rich and the poor nations adopted different perspectives to protect the Earth at Rio-Summit. These were
- The rich countries were called as Global North, whereas the poor countries were called Global South.
- Northern states showed concern with ozone depletion and global warming whereas Southern states showed concern for economic development and environmental management.
Question 14.
What does defection stands for in Indian politics? Highlight any two demerits of this practice. (2)
Answer:
Defection was a factor in 1967 elections. It played an important role in formation and collapsing of government. Defection displays the behaviour of an elected representative who leaves the party on whose symbol he/she won and joins another party. Two demerits of this practice were
- It causes instability within party.
- It promotes political opportunism among party legislators.
Question 15.
Explain any of the two principles of Nehru’s Foreign Policy. (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
The two principles of Nehru’s Foreign Policy are as follows
- Non-Alignment : The Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) is an international organisation (group of countries) which don’t want to be officially aligned with or against any major power blocs viz. the US or the Soviet Union but sought to remain independent or neutral.
- Panchsheel : It refers to five principles of peaceful co-existence. This was signed between India and China on 29th April, 1954.
Question 16.
What is non-Congressism? (2)
Answer:
The term non-Congressism was coined by Ram Manohar Lohia. He advocated that the Congress’s rule was undemocratic and opposed the interests of ordinary poor people.
Thus, all other parties came and organised themselves. This system was non-Congressism. It also reclaimed the democracy for the people.
Quetsion 17.
Why and how did the Mizo movement for succession gain popular support? (2)
Answer:
After India’s Independence, the Mizo Hills area was made an autonomous district within Assam, while some Mizos believed that they were never a part of British India and therefore, did not belong to the Indian Union.
However, the movement for succession got popular support after the Assam Government failed to respond properly to the qreat famine of 1959 in Mizo Hills.
Question 18.
What are the two issues that dominate the politics of North-East India. (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
After independence, two issues that dominate the politics of North-East India are
- Demands for autonomy
- Movements for secessions and opposition to outsiders
Section C (20 Marks)
Question 19.
What is meant by global commons? How are they exploited and polluted? (4)
Answer:
The areas or regions of the world which are located outside the sovereign jurisdiction of any one state and require common governance by the international community are known as Global Common. They include the Earth’s atmosphere, Antarctica, the ocean floor and outer space.
These areas are exploited and polluted due to
- Vague scientific evidences, their lack of consensus on common environmental issues.
- The inequalities between North-South and their
exploitative activities and competition lack proper management area out space. - The Earth’s atmosphere and ocean floor have also been affected by technological and industrial development.
Question 20.
What are two positive and two negative effects of globalisation? Explain. (2 + 2 = 4)
Answer:
Positive impacts of globalisation are
- Increase in the volume of trade in goods and services.
- It attracts private foreign capital investment.
- It creates new job opportunities.
- It raises standard of living.
- It increases production, efficiency and healthy competition.
- It attracts foreign direct investment also. (any two)
Negative impacts of globalisation are
- The foreign companies focus on their profit orientation projects only in place of social welfare.
- It has widened income disparities by making the rich more richer and the poor more poorer.
- Globalisation is also a reason for depletion of flora and fauna in country. (any two)
Question 21.
Describe any four consequences of Bangladesh War of 1971. (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)
Answer:
The consequences of Bangladesh War of 1971 are as follows
- India supported the demand of East Pakistan financially and militarily.
- The War of 1971 made Pakistani forces to surrender in East Pakistan.
- Bangladesh was formed as an independent country.
- Bangladesh drafted its Constitution declaring faith in secularism, democracy and socialism.
Question 22.
Assess the economic situation of India before the general elections of 1967.
What are the four factors contributing to the Congress party’s dominance in the initial three general elections?
Answer:
The economic situation of India before the general election of 1967 was worse. Failure of monsoon and drought led to serious food crises. The crises deepened due to the condition of the country which was still recovering from China war. The food crises triggered off price rise as demand for food was much more than its supply. This led to hoarding and black marketing of the essential food items.
There was massive inequalities in income and wealth. Due to this, large number of people were poor and not able to afford the basic necessities of life. This period was also marked by depletion of foreign exchange reserves, drop in industrial production and exports.
Or
The Congress party succeed in maintaining its dominance till 1967 due to following reasons
(i) The roots of this extraordinary success of the Congress party go back to the legacy of the freedom struggle. Congress was seen as inheritor of the national movement.
Many leaders who were in forefront of the struggle were now contesting elections as Congress candidates.
(ii) The Congress party was supported by elites, educated business class and middle class people. It also got support from peasants because of its socialist nature.
(iii) It had many popular faces like Jawaharlal Nehru, C Rajagopalachari, Vallabhbhai Patel, etc. Moreover, Jawaharlal Nehru was charismatic and very popular leader.
(iv) Congress worked at upper level as well as at grassroot level. Congress was popularised due to the participation in civil disobedience movement.
(v) During the period of Nehruji, Congress attained mass popularity, but the powerful narrow elite of Congress confined to get benefit from the low level of political consciousness of the electorate.
(vi) The traditional loyalities made Congress a one-party dominance. (any four)
Question 23.
Who was Jayaprakash Narayan and what did he advocate? (4)
Or
Explain the major outcome of 1977 Lok Sabha elections.
Answer:
Jayaprakash Narayan was the first leader in post-independence India who undertook a tirade against corruption through participation of youth, particularly in Gujarat and Bihar.
- He advocated the office of Lokpal against corruption. His principle of communitarian socialism views India as a society of communities encompassing three key layers, viz. community, region and rashtra-all combining together as an example of true federation.
- Jayaprakash Narayan advocated transformation of individual, society and state through his call for Total Revolution’. He sought to encompass moral, cultural, economic, political, educational and ecological transformations.
- His political transformation included the right to recall, the importance of village/mohalla samitis in democratic politics and his call for Upper ke Log to join political struggle for a clean politics in the country.
Or
The major outcomes of 1977 Lok Sabha elections were
- The Janata Party successfully achieved what it desired for. The democratic outlook attracted the masses and result of 1977 Lok Sabha elections worked in its favour.
- The result of 1997 Lok Sabha elections was a big shock and surprise to Congress and Janata Party respectively.
- It was for the first time when Congress had lost the election at centre ever since the independence.
- Janata party won 330 out of 542 seats, while Congress had to satisfy with only 154 seats.
- In North India, Congress had bitterest experience. In Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana and Punjab, Congress rule was outrightly rejected.
- Indira Gandhi from Rae Bareli and her son Sanjay Gandhi from Amethi were defeated too.
- Congress manages to save many seats in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Odisha and Southern states and this was a great relief to the Congress.
Section D (20 Marks)
Question 24.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow. America extended massive financial help for reviving Europe’s economy under what was called the ‘Marshall Plan’. The US also created a new Collective Security structure under NATO. Under the Marshall Plan, the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) was established in 1948 to channel aid to the West European States. It became a forum where the Western European. States began to cooperate on trade and economic issues. The Council of Europe, established in 1949, was another step forward in political cooperation. The process of economic integration of European capitalist countries proceeded step by step leading to the formation of the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1957. (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)
(i) The financial help was extended by America for reviving ………….. economy.
(a) Asian
(b) American
(c) African
(d) European
Answer:
(d) European
(ii) What was the collective security structure created by the US?
(a) SEATO
(b) CENTO
(c) NATO
(d) Any other
Answer:
(c) NATO
(iii) Why was the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) established?
(a) To aid the African Nations
(b) To aid the West European States
(c) To aid the Asian states
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) To aid the West European States
(iv) When was European Economic Community came into light?
(a) 1948
(b) 1949
(c) 1957
(d) 1960
Answer:
(c) 1957
Question 25.
In the given map of central, Eastern Europe and Commonwealth of Independent state, four countries are marked as A, B, C and D. Identify them with the help of information given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with their respective serial number and alphabet concerned.
(1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)
(i) A country that wittnessed a civil was that went for ten years.
(ii) Major oil and gas producer.
(iii) A country which took over the USSR seat in the UN.
(iv) A state where demand for independence came from two provinces that resulted in a Civil War.
S. No. of the Information Used | Alphabet Concerned | Name of the State |
(i) | ||
(ii) | ||
(iii) | ||
(iv) |
Answer:
S. No. of the Information Used | Alphabet Concerned |
Name of the State |
(i) | B | Tajikistan |
(ii) | A | Uzbekistan |
(iii) | C | Russia |
(iv) | D | Georgia |
Question 26.
Make a careful study of the image given below and answer the questions that follows. (1 + 1 + 2 = 4)
(i) Identify the personalities in the image,
Answer:
Jawaharlal Nehru and Hari Singh
(ii) Which agreement between the two was signed?
Answer:
Instrument of Accession
(iii) Which articles of the Indian Constitution provided special provision to Jammu and Kashmir?
Answer:
Article-370 embodied six special provision for Jammu and Kashmir. It exempted the state from the complete applicability of the Constitution of India. The state was conferred the power to have its own Constitution.
Section E (24 Marks)
Question 27.
When and why did a long phase of coalition politics begin in India? (2 + 2 + 2 = 6)
Or
Analyse the impact of political rise of other Backward Classes in India.
Answer:
The long phase of coalition politics began in India in 1989 because
- No political party able to get majority despite of Congress being the largest party in Lok Sabha elections. So in 1977, the Janata party formed government with the support of many non-Congress parties.
- United Front Government was formed under Prime Ministership of Chandra Shekhar, then under HD Deve Gowda and finally IK Gujral with the outside support of BJP and leftists.
- In 1999 to 2004, NDA run the government under Prime Ministership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee. It was the first coalition government which completed its full term.
- In 2004 to 2014, UPA run the government under Dr Manmohan Singh, it is another coalition government which run for two terms.
Thus, coalition governments were not stable in earlier times, but after 1999 they emerged as stable governments.
Or
The impact of political rise of Other Backward Classes (OBC’s) in India is
- When the support for the Congress among many sections of the backward castes had declined, this created a space for non-Congress parties to get the support of OBC’s.
- Many of the constituents of the Janata Party like the Bhartiya Kranti Dal and Samyukta Socialist Party had a powerful rural base among some sections of the OBC.
- In the 1980’s, the decisions of the National Front Government to implement the recommendations of the Mandal Commission further helped in shaping the politics of the OBC.
- 1980’s saw the emergence of many parties like Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) that sought better opportunities for OBC’s in education, employment, adequate representation in administration.
Question 28.
Explain the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka and any two consequences of it. (6)
Or
Discuss some of the conflicts and issues between India and Pakistan which are of an international nature.
Answer:
The democratic setup of Sri Lanka was disturbed by the ethnic conflict among the Sinhalese and Tamil origin people.
‘The bone of contention was the region of Ceylon which was represented by the majority Sinhala group. They opposed the migration and settlements of Tamilians from India in their region. According to the group, Sri Lanka was only for Sinhala people and not for Tamils. This attitude of Sinhala people led to the establishment of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), a militant organisation, which desired for a separate country.
The consequences of ethic conflict led to the following situations
(i) There was a pressure on the Government of India by the Tamils of Indian origin to intervene in the matter. Hence, the Government of India tried to negotiate with the Government of Sri Lanka on Tamil’s question. But direct involvement was in the year 1987. India conceded to sent troops to Sri Lanka for the preservation of relations between Tamils and Sri Lankan Government. Eventually, the Indian troops got into a fight with LTTE.
(ii) The presence of Indian troops was not liked by many Sri Lankans and hence in 1989, the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) pulled out of Sri Lanka without attaining its objective.
Or
Some of the conflicts and issues between India and Pakistan of an international nature are discussed below A conflict over Kashmir is the major issue between both the countries. Pakistan Government always claimed Kashmir to be its part and same goes with the Indian Government. Wars took place over this issue between India and Pakistan in 1947-48 and 1965,1971 and Kargil war failed to settle the dispute.
Conflicts related to strategic issues are also visible among these countries like the control of Siachen Glacier and over acquisition of arms. Arms race between both countries wants to acquire more nuclear weapons and missiles against each other in the 1990’s.
Suspicious nature of both the governments led to border disruptions especially in the Kashmir region.
The Indian Government also believes that Pakistan had aided the pro-Khalistani militants with arms and ammunitions during the period of 1985-1995.
Both countries also have problems related to sharing of Indus river waters. With the help of World Bank in 1960, both countries negotiated over this issue.
The two countries are not in agreement over the demarcation line in Sir Creek in the Rann of Kutch. With this dispute, the issue of usage of resources in the area adjoining Sir Creek is related.
Question 29.
As a citizen of India, how would you support India’s candidature for the permanent membership of the Security Council? Justify your proposal. (6)
Or
Though the UN has failed in preventing wars and related miseries, nations prefer its continuation. What makes the UN an indispensable organisation?
Answer:
As the citizen of Indiawe should support India’s candidature for the permanent membership of the Security Council. India rightly deserves a permanent seat, as it fulfils almost all the criteria laid down by the UN. These criteria are
- India is the second most populous country of the world comprising one-fifth of the world population that too of multi-cultural diaspora.
- It is the world’s largest democracy and upholds the democratic ideals. It is also one of the most stable democracies upholding values of peace, cooperation, fairness and justice.
- It has emerged as potential economic power in the world with a stable political system. At present, India is one of the fastest growing economies of the world.
- India supports the initiatives taken up by the USA. . It has also made regular financial contributions to the UN and it was estimated that 2009, India’s contribution to the UN’s democracy fund was US $ 16 million.
Thus, all these factors justify India’s claim to a permanent seat in the UN Security Council.
Or
The following facts makes the UN an indispensable organisation for maintaining the world peace
- Interdependence and globalisation is not possible without the international organisation such as the UN.
- To enforce cooperation on the issues of poverty, unemployment, environmental degradation, crime rate etc.
Thus, it works for the cooperation and protection of basic rights and conditions for survival. - To provide financial assistance to developing countries to stabilise economy all over the world, the UN and its specialised agencies are always required.
- The UN works as a forum to solve any international dispute among nations and sort out the problem in best possible way. It is the only organisation which consists of 193 member states.
Hence, though the UN has failed in preventing related wars and miseries, despite the nations require its continuation due to above mentioned reasons to promote international peace and security.
Question 30.
What are the reasons being used by Nehru for keeping India secular? Do you think these reasons were only ethical and sentimental or were there some prudential reasons as well? (3 + 3 = 6)
Or
It is said that the nation is to a large extent an ‘imagined community’ held together by common beliefs, history, political aspirations and imaginations. Identify the features that make India a nation.
Answer:
The main reasons for keeping India secular by Nehru were
India after partition had considerable amount of Muslim minority population that needed accommodation.
Providing rights and recognition to minorities will further help to strengthen our democratic system.
It was essential to provide the minorities with citizenship status to strengthen the democratic polity of our country so that outbreak of conflict in the society is prevented.
The reasons provided by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru were both both ethical and prudential in nature.
Ethical reasons : The religious minorities in India ‘ is widely acknowledged by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru and granting them rights also strengthened our democratic polity. The declaration of India as a secular nation would allow everyone to freely profess and propagate religion of their choice. Thus, it would form a basic foundation of our democratic system.
Prudential reason Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru has minimised the chances of conflict in the society as by declaring India a secular nation would ensure peace and security.
Or
A nation is defined as a group of people living in a common geographical area, sharing common history, language, religion, descent, ethnicity and culture.
Features that make India a nation are as follows
India is a land of immense diversities. It is multi-lingual, multi-religious, multicultural and multi-regional country. With all sorts of diversities, the country has maintained unity and integrity. There is unity amidst diversity. Despite all the crisis, political decay, chaos, instability changes and challenges, the country has remained its unity, integrity and nationhood.
India as a nation is held together with same political aspirations which ensures democratic set-up based on Parliamentary form of government that inculcates political competition in a democratic framework.
Indian society is based on welfare state i.e. on the principles of equality, freedom, protection to socially disadvantaged groups and religions, etc. There will be no discrimination on the basis of religion, race, sex or place of birth as per the Indian Constitution.