Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions Set 6 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 6 with Solutions
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks : 80
General Instructions:
- The question paper consists of five sections (A, B, C, D and E) with 30 questions in total.
- All questions are compulsory.
- Question numbers 1 – 12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
- Question numbers 13 – 18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50 – 60 words each.
- Question numbers 19 – 23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100 – 120 words each.
There is an internal choice in two of the 4 marks questions. - Question numbers 24 – 26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
- Question numbers 27 – 30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170 – 180 words.
- There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.
Section A (12 Marks)
Question 1.
Arrange the following in a correct sequence. (1)
A. UN Sustainable Development Summit
B. UN Conference on Sustainable Development
C. General Assembly Special Session on the environment
D. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
Codes
(a) 2, 4, 3, 1
(b) 1, 2, 4, 3
(c) 4, 3, 2, 1
(d) 3, 4, 2, 1
Answer:
(c) 4, 3, 2, 1
Question 2.
The era of coalition government was (1)
(a) 1971
(b) 2004
(c) 1989
(d) 1967
Answer:
(c) 1989
Question 3.
…………… is the ex-officio Chairperson of NITI Aayog. (1)
(a) The President of India
(b) The Vice President of India
(c) The Prime Minister of India
(d) The Chief Justice of India
Answer:
(c) The Prime Minister of India
Question 4.
……………. country is not considered as a part t of South-Asia region. (1)
(a) Afghanistan
(b) Myanmar
(c) China
(d) Sri Lanka
Answer:
(c) China
Question 5.
Match the following.
List – I (Organisation) | List – II (Headquarters) |
A. UNESCO | 1. eneva |
B. UNICEF | 2. Washington D.C. |
C. MF | 3. New York |
D. WHO | 4. Paris |
Codes
Answer:
(b) 4 2 3 1
List – I (Organisation) | List – II (Headquarters) |
A. UNESCO | 4. Paris |
B. UNICEF | 2. Washington D.C. |
C. MF | 3. New York |
D. WHO | 1. eneva |
Question 6.
What are the main causes of global warming? (1)
(a) Deforestation
(b) Increased use of fossil fuels
(c) Increase intensive agriculture activities
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above
Question 7.
In which year independent India first use referendum procedure? (1)
(a) 1967
(b) 1968
(c) 1970
(d) 1978
Answer:
(a) 1967
Question 8.
How much is the tenure of the judges in the International Court of Justice? (1)
(a) Five years
(b) Seven years
(c) Nine years
(d) Ten years
Answer:
(c) Nine years
Question 9.
On which day the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill was passed by the NDA government in Rajya Sabha? (1)
(a) 1st August, 2018
(b) 5th August, 2019
(c) 6th August, 2019
(d) 9th August, 2019
Answer:
(b) 5th August, 2019
Directions (Q. Nos. 10 and 11) In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Answer:
Question 10.
Assertion (A) : The First Five Year Plan addressed, mainly the agrarian sector including investment in dams and irrigation.
Reason (R) : Agricultural sector was hit hardest by partition and needed urgent attention. (1)
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 11.
Assertion (A) : In 1978, DengXiaping announced the ‘Open Door’ policy and economic reforms in China.
Reason (R) : ‘Open Door’ policy was to generate higher productivity by investments of capital and technology from abroad. (1)
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 12.
Which among the following was the first non-communist country to establish an embassy in China? (1)
(a) India
(b) USA
(c) Japan
(d) Russia
Answer:
(a) India
Section B (12 Marks)
Question 13.
What were the main reasons behind the split of Congress in 1969? (2)
Answer:
The main reasons behind the split in Congress in 1969 were
- The factional rivalry between the Syndicate and Indira Gandhi.
- Abolition of Privy Purse.
Question 14.
Mention the major challenges faced by Europe after Second World War. (2)
Answer:
The major challenges faced by Europe after Second World War are
- It shattered many assumptions and structures on which European states maintained their relations.
- The European states confronted the ruin of economies and the destructions on which Europe had been founded.
Question 15.
What had been Afro-Asian unity? (2)
Answer:
The Bandung Conference in 1955 in Indonesia marked the peak point of Afro-Asian unity where nations from both Asia and Africa came together to show solidarity. This Bandung Conference later led to the beginning of Non-Alignment movement.
Question 16.
What are the features of environmental movements? (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
Following are the features of environmental movements
- New forms of political action are reinvented within environmental movements.
- Environmental movements are the most vibrant, diverse and powerful social movements across the globe, which have raised new ideas and long-term visions of our activities.
Question 17.
What are the most important outcomes of the Rio Summit? (2)
Answer:
The outcomes of the Rio Summit were
- There was an agreement on combining economic growth with ecological responsibility.
- The Summit started the discussion and debate on environmental issues at global level.
Question 18.
Give any two arguments in favour of reservation for the SCs,STs and OBCs in higher education institutions in India. (2)
Answer:
The two arguments in favour of reservation for SCs, STs and OBCs in higher education institutions in India are as follows
- The backward classes had very low representation in educational institutions.
- The employment in public offices also had very low representation of the backward classes.
Section C (20 Marks)
Question 19.
Explain any two causes which led to the formation of ASEAN. (2 + 2 = 4)
Answer:
The causes which led to the formation of ASEAN were
- The South-East Asian Nations suffered the economic and political consequences of repeated colonialisms before and during the Second World War.
- The end of the Second World War confronted problems of nation building, the ravages of poverty and economic backwardness and the pressure to align with one great power or another during the Cold War.
Hence, South – East Asian countries established the association for South East Asian Nations in order to solve the issues of South-East Asian Countries.
Question 20.
The Assam Movement from 1979 to 1985 is the best example of the movements against ‘outsiders’. Support the statement with suitable arguments. (4)
Answer:
The Assam Movement from 1979 to 1985 is the best example of movements against the outsiders. This
can be explained in the following ways
- The Assamese thought that there were large numbers of illegal Bengali Muslim settlers from Bangladesh which would reduce Assamese into minority.
- There was widespread poverty and unemployment already in Assam. It was believed that local people were deprived of its huge natural resources like oil, tea and coal. This suffering of local people also enhanced by the illegal migration.
- In 1979, the All Assam Student’s Union (AASU) led an Anti-foreigner Movement. This movement was against illegal migrations, domination of Bengali, against faulty voters that included lakhs of , immigrants.
- This movement against outsiders also tried to block the movement of trains and supply of oil
from Assam to refineries in Bihar.
Question 21.
“Coalition governments proved to be a boon for democracy in India.” Support this statement with the help of most suitable argumentS. (2 + 2 = 4)
Answer:
Coalition governments proved to be a boon for democracy in the following ways
- A coalition government is a cabinet of a parliamentary government in which multiple political parties cooperate, reducing the dominance of any one party within that coalition. Coalition government provides an alternative to form government, whenever there is a case of hung Parliament.
- The usual reason for this arrangement is that no party on its own can achieve a majority in the Parliament. At the time of national difficulty, it gives a government a high degree of perceived collective identity. It gives small and regional parties to have opportunities to representation in government.
Question 22.
Explain any two effects of globalisation on the culture of a country. (2 + 2 = 4)
Or
Describe any two cultural consequences of globalisation?
Answer:
The two effects of globalisation on the culture of a country are
(i) Cultural globalisation affects our food, clothes and thinking. But some times, external influence simply enlarge our choices and sometimes they modify our culture without overwhelming the traditional norms.
For example, the burger is no substitute for a masala dosa and therefore, does not pose any real challenge.
In the same way, blue jeans can go well with a homespun Khadi Kurta. Here the outcome of outside influences is a new combination that is unique. This clothing combination has been exported back to the country that gave us blue jeans.
(ii) The culture of the politically and economically dominant society leave its imprint on a less powerful society, and the world begins to look more like a dominant power it wishes to be.
This is dangerous not only for the poor countries but for the whole of humanity, as it leads to the shrinking of the rich cultural heritage of the entire globe.
So, we can say that globalisation broadens our cultural outlook and promotes cultural homogenisation.
Or
Cultural consequences of globalisation affects our food, clothes and thinking. But sometimes external influence simply enlarges our choices and sometimes they modify our culture without overwhelming the traditional norms.
The examples are
- The burger is no substitute for a masala dosa and therefore, does not pose any real challenge.
- In the same way blue jeans can go well with a pure cotton khadi kurta. Here, the outcome of outside influences is new combination that is unique. This clothing combination has been exported back to the country that gave us blue jeans.
- Popularity of Hollywood movie throughout the world has resulted in adoption of latest techniques of film production and use of computer generated images and graphics.
- The culture of the politically and economically dominant society leaves it imprint on a less powerful society, and the society begins to behave like a dominant power which it wishes to be.
- This is dangerous not only for the poor countries but for the whole of humanity for it leads to the shrinking of the rich cultural heritage of the entire globe. So we can say that globalisation broadens our cultural outlook and promotes cultural homogenisation.
Question 23.
Describe any four features of the ideology of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh. (4)
Or
Examine any four reasons why the general elections of 1967 were referred to as a political earthquake for the Congress and explain why?
Answer:
The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was formed in 1951.
Its main features are
- The lineage of Bharatiya Jana Sangh can be traced back to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Hindu Mahasabha before independence.
- It was different from other parties in terms of ideology and programmes. It emphasised the idea of one country, one culture and one nation.
It believed that the country could become modern, progressive and strong on the basis of Indian culture and traditions. - The party called for a reunion of India and Pakistan in Akhand Bharat.
- The party was in forefront of the agitation to replace English with Hindi as the official language of India. It was opposed to the granting of concessions to religious and cultural minorities.
Or
The general election of 1967 called as the political earthquake for Congress party. The results of 1967 elections jolted the Congress at both the national state level. Congress managed to get majority in the Lok Sabha but with its lowest tally of seats and share of votes since 1952.
The reasons behind this were
- The fourth general election held in 1967 was the first election to be held without Jawaharlal Nehru.
- Congress was dominant party before 1967, but scenario was likely to change after 1967’s elections. Several non-Congress parties joined together to bring Congress down. They realised that their disintegration kept Congress in power. So, they joined to form a big alliance called Samyukt Vidhayak Dal.
- Congress still managed to win in Lok sabha election, but with the poorest performance ever, congress lost in many states in influential leaders of Congress lost their positions.
- Many Congress leaders left the party in order to join the other party. Local politics gained momentum. Defection and coalition played an important role and new elements were in the scene of electoral politics.
Section D (12 Marks)
Question 24.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Two developments strained this relationship. China annexed Tibet in 1950 arid thus, removed a historical buffer between the two countries. Initially, the Government of India did not oppose this openly. But as more information came in about the suppression of Tibetan culture, the Indian Government grew uneasy. The Tibetan spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, sought and obtained political asylum in India in 1959.
China alleged that the Government of India was allowing anti-China activities to take place within India. (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)
(i) In the above passage ‘historical buffer’ means ……………… .
(a) a country which prevents conflicts
(b) a country lying between two rival or potentially hostile powers
(c) an agreement between the countries
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) a country lying between two rival or potentially hostile powers
(ii) Why didn’t Government of India oppose the annexation of Tibet by China?
(a) Due to the Panchsheel Agreement signed between India and China.
(b) As it believed that it is the internal matter of China.
(c) China assured India that Tibet will be given greater autonomy.
(d) Both (a) and (c)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (c)
(iii) Why Indian Government grew uneasy over the Tibet Issue?
(a) As Tibetan culture was suppressed by China.
(b) Due to migration from Tibet to India.
(c) As India was unable to help Tibet.
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(a) As Tibetan culture was suppressed by China.
(iv) How far it was justified on the part of India to grant political asylum to Dalai Lama and thousands of Tibetan refugees?
(a) As Dalai Lama was a known Tibetan Spiritual leader.
(b) India granted political asylum on humanitarian grounds.
(c) Dalai Lama had a political influence over India.
(d) As there were many followers in India who supported Dalai Lama.
Answer:
(b) India granted political asylum on humanitarian grounds.
Question 25.
In the given political outline map of South Asia, four countries have been marked as A, B, C and D. Identify them on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names along with their respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabets as per the following format. (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)
(i) An important country but it is not considered to be a part of South Asia.
(ii) The country has a successful Democratic System.
(iii) This country has had both Civilian and Military rulers.
(iv) This country had Constitutional Monarchy.
Sr. No. of the Information Used | Alphabet Concerned | Name of the Country |
(i) | ||
(ii) | ||
(iii) | ||
(iv) |
Answer:
Sr. No. of the Information Used | Alphabet Concerned | Name of the Country |
(i) | B | China |
(ii) | D | Sri Lanka |
(iii) | C | Bangladesh |
(iv) | A | Nepal |
Question 26.
Observe the given picture and answer the following question given below. (1 + 2 + 1 = 4)
(i) The given logo is associated with which of international organisation?
Answer:
The given logo is associated with United Nations
(ii) Write the two objectives of the UN.
Answer:
(ii) The two objectives of UN are
(a) It helps to curb the situation of war between states.
(b) To promote respect for human rights, dignity and freedom.
(iii) Write the four agency of the United Nations.
Answer:
(iii) The four agency of the United Nations are
(a) UNESCO
(b) UNICEF
(c) WHO
(d) ILO
Section E (24 Marks)
Question 27.
Mention the limitations of USSR that led to its disintegration. (6)
Or
What do you mean by Arab Spring? Mention any four causes of Arab Spring.
Answer:
Limitations of USSR that led to its disintegration
The Political Limitations and USSR
(i) The Soviet System became very bureaucratic and authoritarian making life very difficult of its citizens. Lack of democracy and the absence of freedom of speech stifled people in the country.
(ii) Most of the institutions of the Soviet State needed reform. The one party system represented by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union had strict control over all institutions and was unaccountable to the people. The party refused to recognise the urge of people in the fifteen different republics that formed the Soviet Union to manage their own affairs including their cultural affairs.
(iii) Although on paper Russia was only one of the fifteen republics that together constituted the USSR, in reality, Russia dominated everything and people from other regions felt neglected and often suppressed.
The Economic Limitations of USSR
(i) In the arms race, the Soviet Union managed to match the US from time to time but at great cost. The Soviet Union lagged behind the West in technology, infrastructure (e.g. transport, power) and most importantly in fulfilling the political or economic aspirations of the citizens.
(ii) The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 weakened the system even further. Through wages continued to grow, productivity and technology fell considerably behind that of the West. This led to shortages in all consumer goods.
(iii) The Soviet economy used much of its resources in maintaining a nuclear and military arsenal and the development of its satellite states in Eastern Europe this led to a huge economic burden that the system could not cope with.
Or
The Arab Spring was a series of pro-democracy uprisings that developed largely in the Muslim countries, including Tunisia, Morocco, Syria, Libya, Egypt and .Baharain. The event in these nations generally began in the spring of 2011, which led to the name Arab Spring.
The various causes of Arab Spring are as follows
- The rise in the global crisis, such as the downfall in the oil prices during 2008 – 09.
- The rise in the price of food leading to food crisis gave rise to the political unrest especially in poor countries.
- Increase in unemployment especially among the youths and females were one of the most important causes behind Arab Spring.
- The demand for political freedom and removal of economic inequalities was one of the major cause behind Arab Spring.
- Self – immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi a street hawker of Tunisia gave a sudden rise to the Arab Spring.
Question 28.
What is meant by non-traditional notion of security? Differentiate between the narrow and broad concept of human security. (2 + 4 = 6)
Or
Distinguish between the internal and external notion of traditional security.
Answer:
Meaning of Non-traditional Notions of Security It includes a wide range of threats and dangers which affect the condition of human existence. The non-tradition notion of security go beyond military : threats.
In traditional security conception, focus has been on state, its territory and governing institutions while in non-traditional conception, human kind has become concern along with state. Non-traditional views of security have been called as ‘human security or global security’.
Difference between Narrow and Broad Concept of Human Security Supporters of the ‘narrow’ concepts of human security focus on violent threats to individuals.
On the other hand, theory of ‘broad’ concept of human security argue that agenda because it includes hunger, disease and natural disasters these kill more people than war, genocide and terrorism together.
Thus, human security policy should protect people from these threats as well as from violence.
Difference between the internal and external notion of traditional security are
Internal Notion | External Notion |
Although, internal security was a part of the concerns of the governments historically, however, it was not given much importance. | Mostly when we talk of security in traditional conception, it is about external security wherein greatest threats is from another country. |
Internal security mainly concerned with maintaining internal peace and order and protecting the country from separatist threats within. | External notion of security is concerned with protecting sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity from military threats of another county. |
Under internal notion of traditional security, security policy of states is either suppression of separatist demands or adjustment of their demands. | Under external notion, security policy are deterrence, defence, balance of power and alliance building. |
Internal wars and conflicts now make up more than 95 per cent of all armed conflicts fought anywhere in the world. | Although, external security threats still have been major concern for governments, however frequency of war between countries has been reduced greatly now. |
Internal security problems and threats can be regulated by acknowledged central authority that is government. | In case of external security conflicts, war and threats, there is no acknowledged central authority that stands above everyone else. UNO authority is only to the extent that member state allows. |
Question 29.
Explain any four challenges faced by India at the time of independence. (6)
Or
What were the reasons and effects of accepting the demands for separate states on linguistic claims?
Answer:
After independence, there were many challenges or problems and these challenges can be categorised as
(i) To Shape a Nation : The first and foremost challenge was the political unification and integration of the territory. There were around 600 states of varying sizes and population. The partition of the country appeared to confirm every one’s worst fears.
Hence, there was a serious question about the future of India. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel took upon himself the task of integrating these Princely States, which was either wilfully or diplomatically to be completed in different stages.
(ii) To Establish Democracy : Another challenge was to develop democratic practices in accordance with the Constitution, i.e. India opted for representative democracy, based on the /parliamentary form of government.
(iii) To Ensure the Development and Well-being of the Society : The third challenge was to evolve effective policies for economic development and eradication of poverty and unemployment.
All these challenges required a deliberate effort which India put in accommodating social differences, establishing a welfare state and by democratising political institutions.
(iv) To Accommodate Refugees : The migration of people took place in two forms
(a) Large number of people migrated from East and West Pakistan.
(b) Migration of people from the Princely States.
Or
The demands for separate states on linguistic
claims were accepted for the following reasons
- It was hoped that if the demand for separate states on linguistic basis are accepted then the threat of division and separation would be reduced.
- Accommodation of regional demands and the formation of Linguistic States were also seen as more democratic.
Its effects were - It has changed the nature of democratic politics and leadership in some basic ways. The path to politics and power was now open to people other than the small English speaking elite.
- It gave uniform basis to the drawing of state boundaries.
- It has in fact strengthened national unity contrary to the belief that it would lead to disintegration of the country.
- The Linguistic States underlined the acceptance of the principle of diversity. Democracy was now associated with plurality of ideas and ways of life. Much of the politics in the later period had taken place within this framework.
Question 30.
When and why did a long phase of coalition politics begin in India? (3 + 3 = 6)
Or
Assess the impact of coalition governments on the politics of India.
Answer:
The long phase of coalition politics began in India in 1989 because
- No political party able to get majority despite of Congress being the largest party in Lok Sabha elections. So in 1977, the Janata party formed government with the support of many non-Congress parties.
- United Front Government was formed under Prime Ministership of Chandra Shekhar, then under HD Deve Gowda and finally IK Gujral with the outside support of BJP and leftists.
- In 1999 to 2004, NDA run the government under Prime Ministership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee. It was the first coalition government which completed its full term.
- In 2004 to 2014, UPA run the government under Dr. Manmohan Singh, it is another coalition government which run for two terms.
Thus, coalition governments were not stable in earlier times, but after 1999 they emerged as stable governments.
Or
The impacts of coalition governments on the politics of India are
- The parties in the coalition government believe in the same economic policy and think this would lead the country to prosperity and a status of economic power in the world.
- All political parties now support reservation of seats for the backward classes in education and employment. Political parties in coalition government are willing to ensure that the OBC’s get adequate share of power.
- The distinction between State level and National level parties is becoming less important. State level parties are sharing power at the National level and have played a central role in the country’s politics of last twenty years.
- Coalition politics has shifted the focus of political parties from ideological differences to power sharing arrangements. Most parties in NDA do not agree with the Hindutva ideology of the BJP but they came together to form a government and remain in power for a full term.