Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions Set 5 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 5 with Solutions
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks : 80
General Instructions:
- The question paper consists of five sections (A, B, C, D and E) with 30 questions in total.
- All questions are compulsory.
- Question numbers 1 – 12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
- Question numbers 13 – 18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50 – 60 words each.
- Question numbers 19 – 23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100 – 120 words each.
There is an internal choice in two of the 4 marks questions. - Question numbers 24 – 26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
- Question numbers 27 – 30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170 – 180 words.
- There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.
Section A (12 Marks)
Question 1.
Who was the founder President of the Bharatiya Jana Sangha? (1)
(a) B R Hedgewar
(b) Deen Dayal Upadhyay
(c) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(d) Shyama Prasad Mukheijee
Answer:
(d) Shyama Prasad Mukheijee
Question 2.
Which of the following is/are accounted as the major environmental problems across the globe? (1)
(a) Forest depletion
(b) Ozone depletion
(c) Overgrazing
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Question 3.
Match the following. (1)
List I | List II |
A. SA Dange | 1. Bharatiya Jana Sangh |
B. Shyama Prashad | 2. Swatantra Party Mukherjee |
C. Minoo Masani | 3. Praja Socialist Party |
D. Ashok Mehta | 4. Communist Party of India |
Codes
Answer:
(c) 4 1 2 3
List I | List II |
A. SA Dange | 4. Communist Party of India |
B. Shyama Prashad | 1. Bharatiya Jana Sangh |
C. Minoo Masani | 2. Swatantra Party Mukherjee |
D. Ashok Mehta | 3. Praja Socialist Party |
Question 4.
…………… period in India can be seen as a period of rising regional aspirations for autonomy. (1)
(a) 1970s
(b) 1980s
(c) 1960s
(d) 1990s
Answer:
(b) 1980s
Question 5.
Poverty in South Asia has led to a problem of ……………… . (1)
(a) migration
(b) insecurity
(c) terrorism
(d) over-population
Answer:
(a) migration
Question 6.
Which of the following country is not a part of Paris Agreement? (1)
(a) Yemen
(b) USA
(c) France
(d) India
Answer:
(a) Yemen
Question 7.
Arrange the following in correct sequence. (1)
1. Sri Lanka gains independence
2. Democracy restoration in Pakistan
3. Proclamation of Independence by leaders of Bangladesh
4. Pakistan join the Cold War military blocs, SEATO and CENTO.
Codes
(a) 1, 3, 4, 2
(b) 2, 3, 4, 1
(c) 1, 3, 2, 4
(d) 1, 4, 3, 2
Answer:
(d) 1, 4, 3, 2
Question 8.
Two founder members of ASEAN are …………. and ………….. . (1)
(a) Australia and China
(b) Indonesia and Malaysia
(c) Mauritius and Myanmar
(d) Cambodia and Vietnam
Answer:
(b) Indonesia and Malaysia
Question 9.
Who is the author of the book ‘Economy of ‘Permanence’? (1)
(a) J C Kumarappa
(b) K N Raj
(c) Amartya Sen
(d) P C Mahalonobis
Answer:
(a) J C Kumarappa
Directions (Q. Nos. 10 and 11) In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Question 10.
Assertion (A) : The BJP continued to consolidate its position in the election of 1991 and 1996. (1)
Reason (R) : It emerged as the largest party in the 1996 election and was invited to form the government.
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 11.
Assertion (A) : The membership of the UN Security Council was expanded from 11 to 15 in 1965. (1)
Reason (R) : Number of permanent members of the Security Council was changed.
Answer:
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Question 12.
Which of the following organs of the United Nations has been suspended since 1994? (1)
(a) General Assembly
(b) Trusteeship Council
(c) Economic and Social Council
(d) Secretariat
Answer:
(b) Trusteeship Council
Section B (12 Marks)
Question 13.
What are the components of the ASEAN Vision 2020? (2)
Answer:
The components of the ASEAN Vision 2020 are as follows
- To enhance the position of ASEAN countries at the global level.
- To resolve the conflicts in the geographical areas of the respective countries.
Question 14.
How did the dominance of Congress Party in the first three general elections help in establishing a democratic set-up in India? (2)
Answer:
Dominance of Congress Party in the first three general elections helped in establishing a democratic set-up in India in the following ways
- The coalition nature of the Congress Party
- tolerated and in fact encouraged various factions.
- It accommodated the revolutionary and pacifist, conservative and radical, extremist and moderate as well as right, left and all shades of the centre.
Question 15.
Why are coalition governments formed? Explain. (2)
Answer:
Coalition governments usually are a temporary alliance, being formed when no single political party gains a clear majority and competing parties instead negotiate to work together. It acts as a channel to meet the expectations and redress the grievances of different groups.
Question 16.
Why did India not join either of the two camps during the Cold War? (2)
Answer:
India did not join either of the two camps of world during the Cold War because
- India wanted to separate itself from military blocs.
- India wanted to preserve its sovereignty.
Question 17.
State any two Directive Principles of State Policy relating to foreign affairs policy. (2)
Answer:
The two Directive Principles of State Policy relating to foreign affairs policy are
- Promotion of international peace and security Article 51(a).
- Maintain just and honourable relations between nations Article 51(b).
Question 18.
In your opinion, how far is India justified in choosing the policy of non-alignment? (2)
Answer:
In my opinion, India is justified in choosing the policy of non-alignment as it served India’s interest directly in two ways
- Non-Alignment allowed India to take international decisions and stances that served its interests rather than the interests of superpowers and their allies.
- India was able to balance one superpower against the other. If India felt ignored or unduly pressurised by one superpower, it could shift towards the other.
Section C (20 Marks)
Question 19.
What are the functions of the Security Council?
Answer:
The main functions of the Security Council is to maintain peace and security in the world. Some of the other functions are discussed below
- To investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to international friction.
- To recommend methods of adjusting such disputes or the terms of settlement.
- To formulate plans for the establishment of a system to regulate armaments.
- To determine the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression and to recommend what action should be taken.
- It can apply economic sanctions also to stop any aggression.
Question 20.
Why do some economists describe economic globalisation as recolonisation of the world? (4)
Answer:
Some economists describe economic globalisation as recolonisation of the world because
- Consequences of globalisation favour the developed countries particularly USA. While there are increasing situation of unemployment, over exploitation of workers due to privatisation and relaxation in labour laws of the developing countries.
- Markets of developing countries are stocked with blue jeans of USA, toys of China, etc. In the same way as Indians were compelled to import garments during the period of colonisation.
Question 21.
“States have common but differentiated responsibilities towards environment”. Substantiate statement giving suitable examples. (4)
Answer:
The given statement is true due to the following reasons
- The developing countries feel that much of the environmental degradation in the world is the product of industrial development undertaken by the developed countries. If they have caused move degradation, they must also take more responsibility for undoing the damage.
- Developing countries are in the process of industrialisation and they must not be subjected to the same restrictions.
- They must be taken into account in the development application and interpretation of rules of international environmental law. This argument was accepted in the Rio Declaration at the Earth Summit in 1992 and is called ‘common but differentiated responsibilities.’
- The 1992 United National Framework Conversation on Climate Change (UNFCCC) also provides that the states should act to protect the climate system on the basis of equality and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities.
Question 22.
Explain the impact of coalition government on Indian politics. (4)
Or
When and why did a long phase of coalition politics begin in India?
Answer:
Impact of coalition government on Indian politics is as follows
- India has multi-party system, so there are more chance of alliances these days in State and Centre.
- The minority parties join hands with majority party to form a government which is not possible in one-party system.
- First coalition government was formed to implement the good governance and reconcile the consequences of Emergency.
- The coalition appears to be one solid mass, inwardly it is ridden by party fables and desperate party fervours (energies). For example, UPA, NDA, United Front and National Front.
Or
The long phase of coalition politics began in India in 1989 because
- No political party able to get majority despite of Congress being the largest party in Lok Sabha elections. So in 1977, the Janata party formed government with the support of many non-Congress parties.
- United Front Government was formed under Prime Ministership of Chandra Shekhar, then under HD Deve Gowda and finally IK Gujral with the outside support of BJP and leftists.
- In 1999 to 2004, NDA run the government under Prime Ministership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee. It was the first coalition government which completed its full term.
- In 2004 to 2014, UPA run the government under Dr. Manmohan Singh, it is another coalition government which run for two terms.
- Thus, coalition governments were not stable in earlier times, but after 1999 they emerged as stable governments.
Question 23.
Mention the objectives of Nehru’s Foreign Policy. What was the strategy through which he wanted to achieve them? (4)
Or
Explain the process by which India incorporated the princely states of Manipur and Junagarh.
Answer:
Nehru was the main architect of foreign policy after independence. He had a deep knowledge of world affairs. He was the main leader to advocate the unity of the Asian nations.
Nehru’s Foreign Policy was based on three major objectives
- To preserve the hard-earned sovereignty and also respect others sovereignty.
- To protect territorial integrity of India.
- To promote rapid economic development and maintain cordial relations with other nations.
Nehru wished to achieve these objectives through the strategy of Non-Alignment.
Or
The princely states of Manipur and Junagarh acceded to India in the following manner Manipur after the Independence in 1947, Maharaja of Manipur Bodhachandra Singh, signed the Instrument of accession with Indian Union on the assurance that the internal autonomy of Manipur would be maintained. The legislators of the regional parties of Manipur did not want to merge with India but State Congress wanted to merge. Government of India pressurised the Manipur Maharaja and succeeded to do so, Maharaja accepted the agreement and signed it without consulting the legislative assembly.
Junagarh in case of Junagarh, the Nawab of Junagarh wanted to merge with Pakistan or wanted to remain independent. The people of Junagarh wanted to merge with Indian Union. The issue was solved after a plebiscite confirmed people’s desire to join India.
Question 24.
Study the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Nepal’s transition to democracy is not complete. At the moment, Nepal is undergoing a unique moment in its history because it is moving towards the formation of a Constituent Assembly that will write the Constitution for Nepal.
Some sections in Nepal still think that a nominal monarchy is necessary for Nepal to retain its link with the past. The Maoist groups have agreed to suspend armed struggle. They want the Constitution to include the radical programmes of social and economic restructuring. All the parties in the SPA may not agree with this programme. The Maoists and some other political groups are also deeply suspicious of the Indian Government and its role in the future of Nepal. (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)
(i) How is Nepal is undergoing a unique movement in its history?
(a) As it is moving towards the formation of Constituent Assembly that will write the constitution.
(b) As it is moving towards uncivilised protests and movement.
(c) Due to nominal monarchy in Nepal.
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) As it is moving towards the formation of Constituent Assembly that will write the constitution.
(ii) Why were some political parties suspicious in Nepal?
(a) Because they were deeply suspicious regarding the role of Indian Government in the future of Nepal.
(b) Because they were against the democratic set-up.
(c) Because they were suspicious regarding the social restructuring.
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(a) Because they were deeply suspicious regarding the role of Indian Government in the future of Nepal.
(iii) In the above passage, SPA stands for ………………. .
(a) State Party Alliance
(b) Seven Party Alliance
(c) Six Party Alliance
(d) Static Party Alliance
Answer:
(b) Seven Party Alliance
(iv) In which year the king of Nepal dissmissed government and abolished the Parliament?
(a) 2000
(b) 2003
(c) 2002
(d) 2004
Answer:
(c) 2002
Question 25.
Study the political outline map of the India given below in which five different states have been marked as A, B, C and D. Identify correct states and name them. Consider about the Assembly Election results of 1967. (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)
(i) The state where Congress did not get majority but formed government with the help of others.
(ii) The Mountaneous state where Congress got majority.
(iii) The Southern states where Congress got majority.
(iv) The North-Eastern states where Congress did not get the majority.
S. No. | Alphabet Concerned | Name of the State |
(i) | ||
(ii) | ||
(iii) | ||
(iv) |
Answer:
S. No. | Alphabet Concerned | Name of the State |
(i) | A | Rajasthan |
(ii) | C | Jammu and Kashmir |
(iii) | B | Andhra Pradesh |
(iv) | D | North-East Frontier |
Quetsion 26.
Observe the picture given below and answer the following questions. (1 + 2 + 1 = 4)
(i) In which year the bipolar structure of world politics ended?
Answer:
The bipolar structure of world politics ended in 1990.
(ii) Name two association of nations emerged in Europe and Asia.
Answer:
European Union (Europe) and ASEAN (Asia)
(iii) What is indicated by the first picture?
Answer:
The first picture here represents the beginning of the history of Red China (or Communist China).
The Socialist Road is the Broadest of All’ represents the ideology that guided China during its early phase after the revolution took place in China in 1949.
It tells that China’s economy will become the largest economy of the world by 2040 because it prepared Soviet model of economy and always keeps capitalist ideas submissive to the same.
Section E (24 Marks)
Question 27.
Define the process of Nation-Building.
Discuss Nehru’s approach towards Nation-Building. (6)
Or
“The accommodation of regional demands and the formation of linguistic states were also seen as more democratic”. Justify the statement with any three suitable arguments.
Answer:
The process of Nation-Building refers to the creation of a nation or a socially constructed or ‘imagined community,’ that seeks to be politically sovereign. Jawaharlal Nehru’s approach towards nation-building is discussed below
He took a firm stance against the possible division of India into smaller principalities. He established the State Reorganisation Committee in 1953 to fulfil regional aspirations of ithe people which would lower the chances to separate from the nation. This way he strengthened the unity. His government was flexible to give autonomy to some regions for accommodating diversity.
Due to peaceful negotiations almost all states were brought into the Indian Union through signing a document called ‘Instrument of Accession’ under his approach. Accession of Princely States of Junagarh, Hyderabad, Kashmir and Manipur proved to be more difficult than the rest. The issue of Junagarh was resolved after Plebiscite that confirmed people’s desire to join India.
It was mainly due to Jawaharlal Nehru’s efforts that India emerged as a secular state in the mid-twentieth century. Much before independence, he played a heroic role in the development of a secular basis for Indian polity. This helped in building the narrative of ‘Unity in Diversity’.
Thus, he carried the traditions of the national movement and nurtured the newly born nation,
India.
Or
The accommodation of regional demands and the formation of linguistic states were also seen as more democratic due to the following reasons
(i) The States Reorganisation Commission was set up in 1953 by the Central Government to redraw the boundaries of the states.
(ii) The commission accepted that the boundaries of the State should reflect the boundaries of different languages. On the basis of this, the States Reorganisation Act was passed in 1956. This led to the creation of 14 States and 6 Union Territories.
(iii) In the early phase, it was felt that linguistic states may foster separation and create pressures on newly founded nation. But India considered democracy and federalism by making a favour to linguistic states only. It was hoped that if the people accept the regional and linguistic claims of all regions, the threat of division and separatism would be reduced.
When linguistic states were formed, they
- Enhanced democratic practices.
- Reduced separatist activities by accepting the regional linguistic claims of all religions.
- Provided a uniform base to the nation and strengthened unity of nation.
- Promoted the principle of unity in diversity, a distinct feature of nation.
Therefore, the accommodation of regional demands and the formation of linguistic states were also seen as more democratic.
Question 28.
Explain the internal divisions of the state of Jammu and Kashmir and describe how these lead to multiple regional aspirations in that state. (6)
Or
What are the various positions on the issue of regional autonomy for Kashmir? Which of these do you think are justifiable? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Jammu and Kashmir comprises of three social and political regions.
These are
- Kashmir Region : The heart of Kashmir region is the Kashmir Valley, mostly inhabitated by Kashmiri speaking Muslim with a small Kashmiri speaking Hindu minority.
- Jammu Region : It is the mix of foothills and plain. It consist of mix population of Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs who speak various languages.
- Ladakh Region : It is mountainous region having less population which is equally divided between Buddhists and Muslims.
These internal divisions of Jammu and Kashmir led to multiple regional aspirations in the state which were
- People of Kashmir region wanted to protect the identity of Kashmiriyat. Some groups demanded and fought for separate Kashmiri nation independent of India and Pakistan.
- The people of Jammu and Ladakh regions responded the idea of autonomy differently. They often complaint of neglect and backwardness. Thus, the demand for intra-state autonomy is as strong as the demand of the state autonomy.
Or
Kashmir was given a special status by Article 370 in our Constitution. The view of Kashmiris about autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir is that the autonomy conferred by Article 370 is not enough.
A section of Kashmiris have expressed atleast three major grievances over the issue of autonomy. These were
- Government of India’s promise to ascertain the view of people of Jammu and Kashmir once the situation normalised, has not been fulfilled. They demand for a plebiscite (vote).
- There is a feeling that special status guaranteed by Article 370, has been eroded in practice. So, they are demanding restoration of autonomy or greater state autonomy.
- Democracy has not been established in Jammu and Kashmir the way democracy is being practised in the rest of India.
To me, the first position appears to be more justified because plebiscite will help us better to know what tine people of Kashmir want and how their demands will be better accomodated under the framework of Indian Union.
Question 29.
Give examples to show that most of former Soviet republics were prone to conflicts and tensions. (2 + 2 + 2 = 6)
Or
What was the Soviet System? Assess any four features of the Soviet System.
Answer:
Following are its six characteristics in the time period of 20 years to show that they were prone to conflicts
- The USSR was only a federation on paper. In reality it didn’t embrace the features of a federal system. The fifteen republics were denied autonomy and there was centralisation of power around Russia.
- The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) controlled the government and dominated the political decision-making. It strengthened the principle of democratic centralism which meant lack of dissent on the decisions of the upper party bodies. Thus, single party system was the norm.
- The most coloured feature of the Soviet System was the propagation of socialism to oppose the effects of capitalism, though later on, it was abandoned (shock therapy).
- The Soviet economy was state owned and state planned where state was the owner of the means of production thus, there was absence of private property.
- The Soviet System was characterised by a complex communication network with vast energy resources like oil, iron and steel. The state had a vast network of transportation to manufacture or transport goods to remotest areas.
- The Soviet System was based on state welfarism where the state was engaged in mass production to meet the needs of the people.
Or
The Soviet System was based on the criticism of capitalism which declared that capitalism unavoidingly leads never ending impoverishment and exploitation of the masses. It stressed that capitalism can never equate itself with mass production for the satisfaction of human needs.
The Soviet System was largely pro-poor in orientation with social policies aimed at welfare of the masses. The Soviet System was constituted after the Russian Revolution of 1917, based on equality and planned economy.
Four features of the Soviet System are
- In Soviet System, state was accorded an important role. State was the saviour of the masses.
- The Soviet system was an outcome of the socialist doctrine which seeks to create an egalitarian society.
- The Soviet System’s economy was planned and controlled by the state. There were no private enterprises or industries.
- The Soviet political system gave primacy to the Communist Party with no scope for opposition in politics. It was a sign of authoritarianism.
Question 30.
What do you mean by global poverty?
What are the ways which can help in reducing disparity between the poor and the rich at the global level? (2 + 2 + 2 = 6)
Or
Distinguish between the internal and external notion of traditional security.
Answer:
Global poverty is another source of insecurity.
High Per Capita Income and low population growth make rich state or rich social groups get richer, whereas low incomes and high population growth reinforce each other to make poor states and poor groups get poorer.
Globally this disparity contributes to the gap between the Northern and Southern countries of the world. Poverty in the South has also been causing large-scale migration to seek a better life and economic opportunities.
Two ways to reduce disparity between the poor and the rich at the global level are
(i) Quality Education : Provides children knowledge and life skills they need to realise their full potential. Education is a means through which employable skills are imparted. To remove poverty globally, governments must ensure quality education to each and every child. Education is liberating force which liberate the people from poverty suppression, exploitation, etc.
(ii) Economic and Social Security To overcome poverty, communities around the world must be provided economic and social securities they need to thrive. Government across the globe must extend basic health care, education, housing, pension, disability insurance, survivor benefits and unemployment insurance to the families living under poverty.
Internal Notion | External Notion |
Although internal security was a part of the concerns of the governments historically, however, it was not given much importance. | Mostly when we talk of security in traditional conception, it is about external security wherein greatest threats is from another country. |
Internal security mainly concerned with maintaining internal peace and order and protecting the country from separatist threats within. | External notion of security is concerned with protecting sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity from military threats of another country. |
Under internal notion of traditional security, security policy of states is either suppression of separatist demands or adjustment of their demands. | Under external notion, security policy are deterrence, defence, balance of power and alliance building. |
Internal wars and conflicts now make up more than 95 per cent of all armed conflicts fought anywhere in the world. | Although, external security threats still have been major concern for governments, however, frequency of war between countries has been reduced greatly now. |
Internal security problems and threats can be regulated by acknowledged central authority that is government. | In case of external security conflicts, war and threats, there is no acknowledged central authority that stands above everyone else. UNO authority is only to the extent that member state allows. |