Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions Set 4 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 4 with Solutions
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks : 80
General Instructions:
- The question paper consists of five sections (A. B, C, D and E) with 30 questions in total.
- All questions are compulsory.
- Question numbers 1 – 12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
- Question numbers 13 – 18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50 – 60 words each.
- Question numbers 19 – 23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100 – 120 words each.
There in an internal choice in two of the 4 marks questions. - Question numbers 24 – 26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
- Question numbers 27 – 30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170 – 180 – words.
- There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.
Section A (12 Marks)
Question 1.
Which among the following statements describe that the nature of Soviet economy is wrong? (1)
(a) Socialism was the dominant ideology
(b) State ownership/control existed over the factors of production
(c) People enjoyed economic freedom
(d) Every aspect of the economy was planned and controlled by the state
Ans
(c) People enjoyed economic freedom
Question 2.
With which country does India have a treaty that allows the citizens of the two countries to travel to and work in the other country without visas and passports? (1)
(a) Bangladesh
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) Nepal
(d) Israel
Answer:
(c) Nepal
Question 3.
What does the European Union flag stands for? (1)
(a) It stands for unity among the European people
(b) It stands for peaceful harmony among the European people
(c) It stands for completeness among the European people
(d) It stands for fraternity among the European people
Answer:
(b) It stands for peaceful harmony among the European people
Question 4.
Military rule is regarded as the best option in Pakistan because ……………………. . (1)
(a) democracy was never developed and encourged in Pakistan
(b) due to strong military influence on the citizens
(c) due to fear and enemity among the citizen
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) democracy was never developed and encourged in Pakistan
Question 5.
The main objective of UN is ………………. . (1)
(a) to maintain peace and security
(b) to maintain world trade
(c) to maintain development of some particular nations.
(d) to help countries with advice
Answer:
(a) to maintain peace and security
Question 6.
WTO is serving as the successor to which of the following organisation? (1)
(a) General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs
(b) General Agreement on Trade
(c) World Health Organisation
(d) UN Development Programme
Answer:
(a) General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs
Question 7.
Match the following. (1)
List I | List II |
A. Syndicate | 1. An elected representative leaving the party on whose ticket she has been elected |
B. Defection | 2. A catchy phrase that attracts public attention |
C. Slogan | 3. Parties with different ideological position coming together to oppose Congress it policies |
D. Anti-congressium | 4. A group of powerful and influential leaders within the Congress |
Codes
Answer:
(a) 4 1 2 3
List I | List II |
A. Syndicate | 4. A group of powerful and influential leaders within the Congress |
B. Defection | 1. An elected representative leaving the party on whose ticket she has been elected |
C. Slogan | 2. A catchy phrase that attracts public attention |
D. Anti-congressium | 3. Parties with different ideological position coming together to oppose Congress it policies |
Question 8.
Which period in India can be seen as a period of rising regional aspiration for autonomy? (1)
(a) 1970s
(b) 1980s
(c) 1960s
(d) 1990s
Answer:
(b) 1980s
Question 9.
Which of the following were the issues India had to cope immediately after independence? (1)
(a) Partition and displacement
(b) Integration of princely states
(c) Reorganisation of state
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above
Directions (Q. Nos. 10 and 11) In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Question 10.
Assertion (A) : The real challenge to Indira Gandhi came not from the opposition but from within her own party.
Reason (R) : She had to deal with the ‘Syndicate’, a group of powerful and influential leaders from within the Congress. (1)
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 11.
Assertion (A) : The end of Soviet Bloc led to the emergence of many new countries.
Reason (R) : The Central Asian countries wanted to take advantage of their geographical location and continue their close ties with the West, the US China and others. (1)
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 12.
Arrange the following in the chronological order. (1)
1. Establishment of the ASEAN
2. Establishment of European Union
3. Establishment of ASEAN Regional Forum
4. Establishment of Organisation for European Economic Cooperation
Codes
(a) 2, 1, 3, 4
(b) 4, 1, 2, 3
(c) 3, 1, 2, 4
(d) 2, 4, 1, 3
Answer:
(b) 4, 1, 2, 3
Section B (12 Marks)
Question 13.
What does defection stand for in Indian politics? Highlight any two demerits of this practice. (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
Defection was a factor in 1967 elections. It played an important role in formation and collapsing of government. Defection displays the behaviour of an elected representative who leaves the party on whose symbol he/she wins and joins another party.
Two demerits of this practice are
- It causes instability within party.
- It promotes political opportunism among party legislators.
Question 14.
Which are the two models of development?
Which model of development was adopted by India? (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
The two models of development are
- The liberal-capitalist model, as it was much in Europe and US.
- Socialist model, as it was in USSR.
India adopted a mid-way path of both the models i.e. mixed economy.
Question 15.
What do you mean by alliance politics? (2)
Answer:
During the period of 1990s, many powerful political parties emerged which played an important role in the formation of government at centre.
During this period any government could be formed only with the participation or support of several regional parties. This phase of politics is called alliance politics.
Question 16.
State any two features of the Soviet System. (2)
Answer:
The two features of the Soviet System were
- The Soviet system was based on state welfarism, where the state was engaged in mass production to meet the needs of the people.
- The Communist Party of Soviet Union (CPSU) controlled the government and dominated the political decision-making.
Question 17.
Why did the Soviet Union disintegrate? Highlight any two arguments in support of your answer. (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
The USSR disintegrated because
- The Soviet political and economic institutions had developed internal weaknesses which defined people’s aspirations and needs.
- The existence of the Soviet Union was affected by the corruption and more because of their inability to take appropriate actions which would lead to the correction of mistakes.
Question 18.
Highlight any two threats to a country’s security as per the traditional notion of security. (1 + 1 = 2)
Two threats as per the traditional notion of security are
- Military threats which endangers the core values of sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity.
- Balance of power which means some countries are bigger and stronger than other countries.
Section C (20 Marks)
Question 19.
What is globalisation? What is the difference between globalisation and internationalisations? (1 + 3 = 4)
Answer:
Globalisation means the flows of ideas, capital, commodities and people across different parts of the world.
It is different from internationalisation on the basis of following points
- Internationalisation believes in the integrity of community, whereas globalisation believes in one umbrella concept and sharing of ideas between other states.
- Internationalisation believes in the use of resources of all the world equally for the benefit of mankind, but globalisation emphasise on the development of resources for the welfare and support of community.
- Internationalisation also believes in the universal brotherhood and international peace, whereas globalisation believes in the concept of flow of ideas, people and commodities throughtout the globe.
Question 20.
Highlight any two sources of threats being faced by the third world countries. (2 + 2 = 4)
Answer:
The two new sources of threats being faced by the third world countries are
(i) Terrorism is a new source of threat which is faced by third world countries. It refers to a political violence that targets civilians deliberately and indiscriminately. It is used for many purpose especially the political religious purposes in a prominent manner. Civilian targets are chosen to terrorise the public and use this as a weapon against national governments.
(ii) Health Epidemic refers to HIV-AIDS, Bird flu, Swine flu, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), etc. It can rapidly spread across the third world countries through migration, tourism etc. New diseases like Ebola virus, Hantavirus and Hepatitis C have emerged and old diseases like Tuberculosis, malaria, dengue and cholera have developed into drug resistant form that are difficult to treat.
Question 21.
What are the four reasons behind the formation of ASEAN? (2 + 2 = 4)
Answer:
The reasons which led to the formation of ASEAN were
- The South-East Asian Nations suffered the economic and political consequences of repeated colonialisms before and during the Second World War.
- The end of the Second World War confronted problems of nation building, the ravages of poverty and economic backwardness and the pressure to align with one great power or another during the Cold War.
- To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interests in the economic, social, cultural, technical scientific and administrative fields.
- For the promotion of regional peace and stability, an organisation was needed for abiding respect for justice.
Hence, South- East Asian countries established the association for South-East Asian Nations in order to solve the issues of South-East Asian Countries.
Question 22.
Describe any four features of the ideology of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh. (4)
Or
What were the reasons behind the Congress considering the general elections of 1967 as a political earth-quake. Analyse four factors contributing to this perceptions.
Answer:
The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was formed in 1951.
Its main features are
- The lineage of Bharatiya Jana Sangh can be traced back to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Hindu Mahasabha before independence.
- It was different from other parties in terms of ideology and programmes. It emphasised the idea of one country, one culture and one nation.
It believed that the country could become modern, progressive and strong on the basis of Indian culture and traditions. - The party called for a reunion of India and Pakistan in Akhand Bharat.
- The party was in forefront of the agitation to replace English with Hindi as the official language of India. It was opposed to the granting of concessions to religious and cultural minorities.
Or
The general elections of 1967 called as the political earthquake for Congress party. The results of 1967 elections jolted the Congress at both the national and state level. Congress managed to get majority in the Lok Sabha but with its lowest tally of seats and share of votes since 1952.
The reasons behind this were
- The fourth general election held in 1967 was the first election to be held without Jawaharlal Nehru.
- Congress was dominant party before 1967, but scenario was likely to change after 1967’s election. Several non-Congress parties jointed together to bring Congress down. They realised that their disintegration kept Congress in power. So, they joined to form a big alliance called Samyukt Vidhayak Dal.
- Congress still managed to win in Lok Sabha election, but with the poorest performance ever. Congress lost in many states and influential leaders of Congress lost their positions.
- Many congress leaders left the party in order to join the other party. Local politics gained momentum. Defection and coalition played an important role and new elements were in the scene of electoral politics.
Question 23.
Elaborate the change in the electoral performance of the Congress party and BJP from the year 1984 to 2004. (4)
Or
Describe any three events that resulted in the declaration of State of Emergency in 1975.
Answer:
The changes in the electoral performance of the Congress party and BJP from 1984-2004 were as follows
- The dominance of Congress declined while rise of BJP is witnessed in politics of India. From March 1998 to October 1999, BJP and other parties formed alliances NDA (National Democratic Alliance) under the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and completed full term of NDA Government.
- In the elections of May 2004, Congress and its allies formed UPA (United Progressive Alliance) and came to power and Manmohan Singh became Prime Minister.
Or
The circumstances which led to the proclamation of Emergency were
- Bihar and Gujarat’s movement created an unrest in the country. Students were protesting against the price rise and against the established government in the states. Congress as ruling party failed to handle these protests. Leadership
- Bihar and Gujarat’s movement created an unrest in the country. Students were protesting against the price rise and against the established government in the states. Congress as ruling party failed to handle these protests. Leadership by influential leaders further gave them a momentum against government.
- George Fernandes gave a call for nationwide strike to all the railway men. Their demands were suppressed by the government. Shutdown of such a big institution created a havoc in the country. Declaration of Indira Gandhi’s 1971 election invalid was a last straw. Jayaprakash Narayan organised a massive demonstration demanding her resigned. The situation was tense and Emergency was declared on 25th June, 1975.
- Call of total revolution by Jayaprakash Narayan and unexpected people movement in Delhi.
- Jayaprakash Narayan announced a nationwide satyagraha for resignation and asked the army, the police and government employees not to obey illegal and immoral orders.
Section D (12 Marks)
Question 24.
Study the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow. By 2011, the UN had 193 member states. These included almost all independent states. In the UN General Assembly, all members have one vote each. In the UN Security Council, there are five permanent members. These are the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France and China. These states were selected as permanent members as they were the most powerful immediately after the Second World War and they constituted the victory in the war.
(1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)
(i) Which of the following country is not a permanent member of UN Security Council?
(a) China
(b) France
(c) Vietnam
(d) USA
Answer:
(c) Vietnam
(ii) Which among the following state joined the UN before 2011?
(a) Vietnam
(b) Iraq
(c) South Sudan
(d) Japan
Answer:
(c) South Sudan
(iii) Why only some states are part of permanent membership in the UN Security Council?
(a) Because these states were independent at the time of Second World War.
(b) Because they were the most powerful countries immediately after the Second World War and they also emerged victorious.
(c) Because these countries were colonial powers.
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Because they were the most powerful countries immediately after the Second World War and they also emerged victorious.
(iv) Wars and Peace differences between member states of US are discussed in …………….. and ……………… .
(a) General Assembly
(b) Security Council
(c) WHO
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Question 25.
In the given outline map of South Asia, five countries have been marked as A, B, C and D. Identify them on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book with their respective serial number of the information used and the alphabet concerned as per the following format. (1+ 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)
(i) The country has experienced both civilian as well as military rule.
(ii) Democracy was restored in this country in 2006.
(iii) This country is still a monarchy. .
(iv) This country is a part of India’s ‘Look East Policy via Myanmar’.
Sr. No. of the Information Used | Alphabet Concerned | Name of the Country |
(i) | ||
(ii) | ||
(iii) | ||
(iv) |
Answer:
Sr. No. of the Information Used | Alphabet Concerned | Name of the Country |
(i) | B | Pakistan |
(ii) | C | Nepal |
(iii) | A | Bhutan |
(iv) | D | Bangladesh |
Question 26.
Study the picture given below carefully and answer the following questions. (1 + 2 + 1 = 4)
(i) What does the picture depict? (1)
Answer:
The picture depicts that the peace had been at stake.
(ii) Define Regionalism. (1)
Answer:
The regionalism is define as a theory of emphasising the regional characteristics of local issues.
(iii) What does the arrows hitting the pigeon means? (2)
Answer:
The white pigeon in the picture is the symbol of peace and arrows targeted to it depicts that peace had been at stake. Peaceful situation does not exist any more.
Section E (24 Marks)
Question 27.
Define climate change and discuss any three global initiatives on climate change in detail. (6)
Or
What is the significance of Kyoto Protocol? Is India a signatory to this protocol?
Answer:
Climate change refers to a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth’s local, regional and global climates.
The global initiatives taken on climate change are discussed below
Montreal Protocol, 1987 : It was a historical environmental accord that became a model for future diplomacy on the climate issue. Every country in the world eventually ratified the treaty, which required them to stop producing substances that damage the ozone layer, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The protocol has succeeded in eliminating nearly 99 per cent of these ozone-depleting substances.
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1992 : It was ratified by 197 countries including the United States. It is also considered a landmark accord or a first global treaty to explicitly address climate change. It established an annual forum, known as the Conference of the Parties, or COP, for international discussions aimed at stabilizing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These meetings produced the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement.
Kyoto Protocol, 2005 : It was adopted in 1997 and came into force in 2005, which is the first legally binding climate treaty. It is an international agreement setting targets for industrialised countries to cut down their greenhouse gas emissions. China, India and other developing countries were exempted from the requirements of Kyoto Protocol.
Or
The significance of Kyoto Protocol is stated in the points below
- Kyoto Protocol frames an action plan so as to reduce emission of greenhouse gases proportionately for global North and global South countries of the world.
- It had cleared the confusion regarding responsibilities of all countries belonging to global North and global South.
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has set out the principles and allocated different targets for preserving global common. It decided that global North will provide global South with financial and technological resources so as to meet existing commitments.
- India, China and other developing countries are exempted from the responsibility regarding reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
Yes, India is a signatory to Kyoto Protocol.
Question 28.
Examine the efforts taken by Jawaharlal Nehru for the promotion of Afro-Asian Unity. (6)
Or
Assess India’s role in Non-Aligned Movement.
Answer:
The efforts taken by Jawaharlal Nehru for the promotion of Afro-Asia Unity can be understood by following ways
- Due to India’s size, location and power potential, Nehru dreamt of major role for India in world affairs specially in Asia.
- Under Nehru’s leadership, India made contact with other newly emerged independent nations of Asia and Africa.
- During the 1940s and 1950s, Nehru advocated with great enthusiasm to support the Asian unity. Under his leadership, India hosted the Aslan relations conference in March 1947, five months before India’s independence.
- India was a staunch supporter of decolonisation and firmly opposed Racism, particularly apartheid in South Africa.
- The Afro-Asian Conference known as the Bandung Conference was held in 1955.
- The Bandung Conference marked the climax of India’s engagement with newly independent Asian and African nations.
Or
Non-Alignment was a consistent feature of Indian Foreign Policy by the late 1940s and it enjoyed strong support among the Indian elite. We can understand the role of India in Non-Aligned Movement as follows
- The movement had its origins in the 1947 in New Delhi and the 1955 Asian African Conference in Bandung, Indonesia.
- In Egypt, Lai Bahadur Shastri represented India and he put forward certain points for world peace such as border disputes, ban on nuclear weapons, etc.
- In 1980, under Indira Gandhi, NAM focused on the relationship between disarmament and economic development by addressing to the economic grievances of developing countries.
- Through many efforts, India turned NAM into broad-based multi-ethnic and regional movement. Through NAM, India helped the world to shift its focus from the politics of confrontation to cooperation and co-existence.
- India drew the world attention towards disarmament, human rights, NIEO, etc through the Non-Alignment movement.
- India encouraged the freedom struggle in Asian and African countries from colonialism and imperialism. India was also a founding member of the group of fifteen, which were established at the 9th NAM summit in Belgrade in 1989 to facilitate discussion with the industrialised countries.
- India was host to the 4th group of fifteenth summit in March, 1994. At the summit, Prime Minister Narsimha Rao was concerned over new trade barriers raised by the industrialised countries despite the conclusion of a new World Trade Agreement.
Question 29.
“The regional parties have started playing an important role in the Indian politics”. Comment. (6)
Or
Highlight any three issues that affected the Indian politics after 1989.
Answer:
India as a democracy has the multi-party system which means there are several political parties competing for power. Apart from the primary parties, each state has their own local political parties that rule and compete in their region. Regional parties play following roles in Indian politics
- In absence of clear majority, the largest party has to join hands with a regional party in order to form government. This is where the importance of thp regional parties comes into play.
- Most of the regional parties have agenda fitting certain culture dominant within that state.
- The regional parties for their benefits divide the people of different states on the line of language, culture, traditions, etc.
- Sometimes serious issues like India’s Foreign Policy are influenced and compromised by regional parties. This affects India’s credibility in the global front.
- They also work as a pressure group in Indian politics.
- Sometimes regional parties influence the Central Government to divert more annual budget funds to their states at the expense of other states.
Or
In the last two decades, the Indian political scenario was characterised by unprecedented developments. The period witnessed rampant contestation, change in the party system, rise of new caste identities, politicisation of religion and an undeniable crisis in liberal democracy, leaving a deep impact on the political and socio-economic structure of the country. The following events can be regarded as the main issues after 1989 as
(i) End of the Congress System : The Congress that enjoyed the hegemonic position during the Nehruvian era received a huge blow after 1989. The Congress Party was defeated in the elections held in1989. The party that had won as many as 415 seats in the Lok Sabha elections in 1984 was reduced to only 197 seats in this election. The Congress lost the kind of support it enjoyed earlier.
(ii) Rise of Caste-Based Politics : Although the caste system has been an integral part of India’s social and political system, caste-based identities became more entrenched during this period, which witnessed the rise of the Mandal issue in national politics. The decision by the new National Front government in 1990 to implement the recommendation of the Mandal Commission that jobs in the Central Government should be reserved for other backward classes led to violent anti-Mandal protests in different parts of the country. This period witnessed the rise of caste-based parties that began to assert their rights and distinct identities, for example, the BSP. Caste became a major issue of vote bank for political parties.
(iii) Rise of Regional Parties and Coalition Governments This period witnessed the growth of regional parties that ensured that the power is not misused by the Centre and that regional interests are promoted. With no single party getting the majority, the period saw the rise of coalition government. The coalition government marked the presence of regional parties at the Centre who shared the power with the national party.
Question 30.
Elaborate about Soviet System. Mention any of the four features of the Soviet System. (2 + 4 = 6)
Or
If the Soviet Union had not disintegrated and the world had remained bipolar, how would that situation have affected the world politics?
Answer:
The Soviet System gave primacy to the state and . the institution of the party. This system centred around the Communist Party and no other political party was allowed. The economy was planned and
controlled by the state.
The East European countries liberated by the Soviet Union from the fascist forces after the Second World War came under the control of the USSR. The some political and economic system of the USSR was implied in these countries. This group of countries was called the Second World or the Socialist bloc. These countries were held together under the Warsaw Pact led by USSR. The USSR was the leader of the bloc.
Features of the Soviet System
- The Soviet System was very bureaucratic and authoritarian. Lack of democracy and the absence of freedom of speech.
- Tight control over all institutions and was unaccountable to the people.
- Russia dominated everything and people from other regions felt neglected and often
suppressed. - The Soviet Union lagged behind the West in technology, infrastructure and most importantly, in fulfilling the political or economic aspirations of citizen.
Or
If the Soviet Union had not disintegrated, it would have affected the world politics in the following manner
- The USA would not have become so powerful and its hegemony would not have been established. It would not be interfering in the world affairs more unilaterally.
- The world would have headed towards a Third World War, if there was no disintegration of USSR. The war would have been more devastating and destructive.
- The disintegration of USSR led to the independence of many countries which were part of erstwhile USSR. This would have not been possible without the disintegration.
- After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, USA’s position in the UNO also became very strong.
Almost all the decisions in UNO were taken under the influence of USA. This situation could have been different if there was no collapse of USSR. - Most of the former Soviet Republics which are passing through conflicts and Civil Wars, would not have gone through this agony.
- Accumulation of nuclear weapons would have continued endlessly.