Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions Set 11 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 11 with Solutions
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks : 80
General Instructions:
- The question paper consists of five sections (A, B, C, D and E) with 30 questions in total.
- All questions are compulsory.
- Question numbers 1 – 12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
- Question numbers 13 – 18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50 – 60 words each.
- Question numbers 19 – 23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100 – 120 words each.
There is an internal choice in two of the 4 marks questions. - Question numbers 24 – 26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
- Question numbers 27 – 30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170 – 180 words.
- There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.
Section A (12 Marks)
Question 1.
Name the party that dominates the political affairs of Maldives. (1)
(a) Maldivian Dictatorship Party
(b) Maldivian Democratic Party
(c) Maldivian People’s Party
(d) Maldivian Majority Party
Answer:
(a) Maldivian Dictatorship Party
Question 2.
In which year BRICS was founded? (1)
(a) 2000
(b) 2002
(c) 2004
(d) 2006
Answer:
(d) 2006
Question 3.
Arrange the following in correct sequence. (1)
1. South Asian Free Trade Agreement came into force.
2. IPKF operation in Sri Lanka.
3. India and Bangladesh signed Farakka Treaty
4. India’s nuclear test in Pokhran
Codes
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
(b) 2, 3, 4, 1
(c) 4, 1, 2, 3
(d) 3, 2, 4, 1
Answer:
(b) 2, 3, 4, 1
Question 4.
UNICEF was founded on ……………… . (1)
(a) 11th May, 1946
(b) 11th December, 1946
(c) 11th April, 1947
(d) 11th June, 1947
Answer:
(b) 11th December, 1946
Question 5.
The First Gulf War revealed the …………… (1)
(a) vast technological gap
(b) it shows the military capability of USA
(c) use of smart bombs
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above
Question 6.
UN Security Council has how many permanent members? (1)
(a) Ten
(b) Five
(c) Fifteen
(d) Four
Answer:
(b) Five
Question 7.
Match the following. (1)
List I | List II |
A. K Kamraj | 1. Vice-President of India |
B. Acharya Narendra Dev | 2. Founder of Bhartiya Jana Sangh |
C. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee | 3. Founder of Socialist Party |
D. V V Giri | 4. Former CM of Tamil Nadu |
Codes
Answer:
(c) 4 3 2 1
List I | List II |
A. K Kamraj | 4. Former CM of Tamil Nadu |
B. Acharya Narendra Dev | 3. Founder of Socialist Party |
C. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee | 2. Founder of Bhartiya Jana Sangh |
D. V V Giri | 1. Vice-President of India |
Question 8.
How can we say that NITI Aayog acts in the spirit of Cooperative Federalism? (1)
(a) As it ensures equal participation of all the states in the country.
(b) As it promotes the capability of states.
(c) As the states work maintaining their transparency level.
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) As it ensures equal participation of all the states in the country.
Question 9.
Who led the Syndicate group? (1)
(a) S Nijalingappa
(b) S K Patil
(c) K Kamraj
(d) Indira Gandhi
Answer:
(c) K Kamraj
Directions (Q. Nos. 10 and 11) In the questions given below there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read these statements and choose the correct option.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Question 10.
Assertion (A) : Democracy allow the political expression of regional aspiration and does not look upon them as anti-nationals.
Reason (R) : Democratic Polities allows parties and groups to address the people on the basis of their regional identity aspiration and specific regional problems. (1)
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 11.
Assertion (A) : On 1st January, 2015, NITI Aayog was constituted with the objective of providing the necessary and technical advice to the Union Government regarding the policy making.
Reason (R) : It was formed because the National Development Council (NDC) became ineffective and irrelevant in today’s era. (1)
Answer:
(c) A is true, but R is false.
Question 12.
In which year Independent India first use referendum procedure? (1)
(a) 1967
(b) 1968
(c) 1970
(d) 1978
Answer:
(a) 1967
Section B (12 Marks)
Question 13.
What is meant by national integration? (2)
Answer:
National integration means the feeling of oneness and unity among the people. The diversity within the nation is well accommodated and handled by the society. The feeling of oneness promote the feeling of unity and common belongingness.
This feeling of national integration does not allow issues like regionalism, communalism to harm the unity of a nation. The people could work together for the security and development of the country.
Question 14.
‘Regionalism does not simply separatism’ Explain. (2)
Answer:
Regionalism is the theory or practice of emphasising the regional characteristic of local issues. Separatism advocate separation, especially essential or political separation. Thus, regionalism does not imply separatism.
Question 15.
When was the reorganisation of NorthEast India completed and how? (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
The reorganisation of North-East India was completed by 1970s. In 1972, Meghalaya was carved out from Assam, Meghalaya and Tripura which became separate states in the same year.
Question 16.
What do you mean by alliance politics? (2)
Answer:
During the period of 90s, many powerful political parties emerged which played an important role in the formation of government at centre.
During this period any government could be formed only with the participation or support of several regional parties. This phase of politics is called Alliance Politics.
Question 17.
What is the relationship between traditional security and co-operation? (2)
Answer:
Traditional security is closely related with co-operation as it recognises the need for co-operation to limit violence. This limit directly relates to both means and ends of the war. It has been universally accepted that countries should go to war for the genuine reasons, say self-defence as to protect other people from genocide.
Question 18.
Explain the term Environmental movement or activism.
Answer:
Environmental movements or activism refers to the coming together of various groups of individuals and organisations that work in collaboration in social, scientific, political and conservational fields with the main purpose of addressing environmental concerns.
Section C (20 Marks)
Question 19.
Explain the term ‘Privy Purse’? What was the reason behind it being abolished in 1970 by Indira Gandhi? (2 + 2 = 4)
Answer:
At the time of dissolution of Princely States, the rulers of Princely States had been assured that their families would get the right to retain certain private property based on heredity and government allowances would also be given by the extent of revenue and potential of the merging states. This was called as Privy Purse.
Indira Gandhi insisted on abolition of Privy Purse because
- According to Indira Gandhi such privilege to them goes against the essence of Constitution. It was against Right to Equality, even Nehru had shown his dissatisfaction against such privilege. After she won in 1967 elections, she put her demand to abolish Privy Purse.
- This hereditary privilege was against the ideas of equality and social and economic justice, which is embedded in Indian Constitution.
- In 1970, demand to amend Privy Purse was rejected by Rajya Sabha and ordinance was put down by Supreme Court. It was in 1971 after she won with great majority, she was able to amend the Constitution to abolish Privy Purse.
Question 20.
“States have common but differentiated responsibilities towards environment”. Analyse the statement by giving suitable examples. (4)
Answer:
“States have common but differentiated responsibilities towards environment”. This statement can be justified with the help of following points
The developing countries feel that much of the environmental degradation in the world is the product of industrial development undertaken by the developed countries. If they have caused move degradation, they must also take more responsibility for undoing the damage.
Developing countries are in the process of industrialisation and they must not be subjected to the same restrictions. They must be taken into account in the development application and interpretation of rules of international environmental law. This argument was accepted in the Rio Declaration at the Earth Summit in 1992 and is called ‘common but differentiated responsibilities.’
The 1992 United National Framework Conversation on Climate Change (UNFCCC) also provides that the states should act to protect the climate system on the basis of equality and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities.
Question 21.
How can the Euro pose a danger to the US dollar? (4)
Answer:
European Union has a great economic influence in the world market including the market of United States. Euro is the currency of EU.
Euro can pose a danger to US dollar through
- The EU is the world’s biggest economy with GDP of more than $ 17 trillion in 2016 next to that of the United States of America.
- Share of EU in world trade is much larger than that of US and this is the reason why EU can be more assertive in trade disputes with US and China. Economic power of EU provides great influence over Asia, Africa and its close neighbours.
- Many countries have joined EU who are directly linked with US and carry Dollar as their currency. These countries can take economic programmes which are against interest of US.
Question 22.
How has globalisation enhanced the position of a state?
Or
Describe any three effects of globalisation on the culture of a country.
Answer:
Globalisation has enhanced the position of a state in the following ways
- Globalisation refers to the integration of national economy with world economy by means of trade. It is not only confined to products, finances and services, but also influenced ideas and cultures.
- It will increase in the flow of investment.
- It has power to decide essential functions like law and order and national security.
- The state voluntarily can withdraw from certain domains at its will.
- The state can collect information about its citizens more quickly and in real time than before.
- The restrictions on imports and movement of capital have also been reduced.
- It has set international standards that have to adhered to in order to keep up with the wave of economic growth through assistance from organisations such as the World Bank and IMF.
Or
The three effects of globalisation on the culture of a country are
(i) Cultural globalisation affects our food, clothes and thinking. But some times, external influence simply enlarge our choices and sometimes they modify our culture without overwhelming the traditional norms.
For example, the burger is no substitute for a masala dosa and therefore, does not pose any real challenge.
In the same way, blue jeans can go well with a homespun Khadi Kurta. Here the outcome of outside influences is a new combination that is unique. This clothing combination has been exported back to the country that gave us blue jeans.
(ii) The culture of the politically and economically dominant society leave its imprint on a less powerful society, and the world begins to look more like a dominant power it wishes to be.
(iii) This is dangerous not only for the poor countries but for the whole of humanity, as it leads to the shrinking of the rich cultural heritage of the entire globe.
So, we can say that globalisation broadens our cultural outlook and promotes cultural homogenisation.
Question 23.
Describe briefly the composition and any four functions of the Planning Commission of India. (4)
Or
Discuss National Development Council (NDC) and its objectives in detail.
Answer:
Composition of Planning Commission are
- The Prime Minister of India is the Chairman of the commission.
- The commission has a Deputy Chairman.
- The Finance Minister and Planning Minister are the ex-officio members of the commission.
- The commission has four to seven full time expert members.
Four functions of the Planning Commission are
- To make an assessment of material, capital and human resources of the country and investigate the possibilities of augmenting them.
- To formulate a plan for the most effective and balanced utilisation of the country’s resources.
- To determine priorities and to define stages in which the plan should be carried out.
- To indicate the factors that retard economic development.
Or
National Development Council (NDC) is an executive body established by the Government of India in August 1952. It is neither a constitutional nor a statutory body rather it is an advisory body to the Planning Commission. The Council ordinarily meets twice a year.
It is the apex body to take decisions on matters related to approval of Five Year Plans of the country.
Prime minister is the ex-officio Chairman of the National Development Council. It symbolises the federal approach to planning and is the instrument for ensuring that the planning system adopts a truly national perspective.
Objectives of National Development Council
- To strengthen and mobilise the effort and resources of the nation in support of the plan.
- To promote common economic policies in all vital spheres.
- To ensure the balanced and rapid development of all parts of the country.
- In addition to this, NDC provides a platform for all the states to discuss their problems and issues related to development. Thus, it secures the co-operation of the states in the execution of developmental plans.
Section D (12 Marks)
Question 24.
Study the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.
All proponents of human security agree that its primary goal is the protection of individuals. However, there are differences about precisely what threats individuals should be protected from. Proponents of the ‘narrow’ concept of human security focus on violent threats to individuals. (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)
(i) Which type of security is the main concern of ‘human security’?
(a) Security of integrity rights and self-respect of human beings along with their life, dignity and honour.
(b) Security of property rights of an individual
(c) Security from violence and inhumane activities.
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Security of integrity rights and self-respect of human beings along with their life, dignity and honour.
(ii) What would be included under the ‘broad’ concept of human security?
(a) It encompasses economic security and threats to human dignity.
(b) It includes threats like hunger, disease and natural disaster that kill more people than war.
(c) It includes global disparity on the basis of finance.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b)
(iii) Which among the following are the threats from which individuals should be protected?
(a) Terrorism and Income Inequality
(b) Global Poverty
(c) Human Rights Violation
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above
(iv) What would be included under the ‘narrow’ concept of human security?
(a) Violent threats to individuals
(b) Economic security
(c) Income inequality
(d) Poverty
Answer:
(a) Violent threats to individuals
Question 25.
In the given outline political map of world, four countries have been marked as A, B, C and D. Identify these on the basis of the information given below and write the correct names in your answer book along with the respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabets as per format that follows.
(1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)
(i) To which country the UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold-Annan belonged?
(ii) To which country the UN Secretary General Kurt Waldheim belonged?
(iii) To which country the UN Secretary General Bourtoros Boutros- Ghali belonged?
(iv) To which country the UN Secretary General Kofi Annan belonged?
Sr. Number of the information used | Alphabet concerned | Name of the State |
(i) | ||
(ii) | ||
(iii) | ||
(iv) |
Answer:
Sr. Number of the information used | Alphabet concerned | Name of the State |
(i) | A | Sweden |
(ii) | C | Austria |
(iii) | D | Egypt |
(iv) | B | Ghana |
Question 26.
Study the given cartoon and answer the questions that follow.
(i) What does the cartoon represent?
Answer:
The cartoon represents the dual role of Pakistan’s Parvez Musharraf as the President and as Army General.
(ii) What does the equations speak about?
Answer:
The equation speaks about dominance of one person militarily more rather than only President.
(iii) What is the system of governance being practiced in this country?
Answer:
The Government of Pakistan is a federal government established by the Constitution of Pakistan as a constituted governing authority of four provinces of a proclaimed and established parliamentary democratic republic, constitutionally called Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
Section E (24 Marks)
Question 27.
Analyse the First Gulf War. Why was it called a computer war and a video game war? (6)
Or
Explain any six outcomes of the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
Answer:
In August 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait, rapidly occupying and subsequently annexing it. After a series of diplomatic attempts failed at convincing Iraq to quit its aggression, the United Nations mandated the liberation of Kuwait by force. For the UN, this was a dramatic decision after years of deadlock during the cold war. The US President George HW Bush hailed the emergence of a ‘new world order’.
A massive coalition force of 660,000 troops from 34 countries fought against Iraq and defeated it in what came to be known as the First Gulf War. However, the UN Operation, which was called ‘Operation Desert Storm’ was overwhelmingly American.
An American General, Norman Schwarzkopf, led the coalition and nearly 75 per cent of the coalition forces were from the US.
The First Gulf War was called a computer war as it revealed the vast technological gap that had opened up between the US Military capability and that of other states. Another reason was the highly publicised use of so-called ‘smart bombs’ by the US led some observers to called this a ‘Computer War’.
Widespread television coverage also made it a ‘video game war’, with viewers around the world watching the destruction of Iraqi forces live on TV in the comfort of their living rooms.
Thus, the US may actually have made profit from the First Gulf War as per the reports. It has received more money from countries like Japan, Germany and Saudi Arabia than that it had spent on the war.
Or
The disintegration of the Soviet Union as the second world power and the collapse of socialist systems in Eastern Europe had profound outcomes for world politics in general and Asian countries like India in particular. The outcomes of the disintegration can be analysed by way of six kinds of enduring changes like
(i) The disintegration of the Soviet Union meant the end of the Cold War confrontation. The end of the cold the Cold War signifies the callapse of the ideological conflict between the socialists and the capitalists. Now, there was no alliances system bases on ideology. As the alliance system led to formation of military blocs, the end of confrontations demanded the end of the arms race and restoration of possible peace.
(ii) The disintegration of the USSR and the end of the cold war left open only two possibilities like either the remaining superpower would dominate and create a ‘unipolar system’ of different countries of groups of countries could become important players in the international system, thereby bringing in a ‘multipolar system’, where no one power could dominate.
(iii) As it turned out, the US became the sole super power. Backed by the power and prestige of the US, the ‘capitalist economy’ was now the dominant economic system internationally.
(iv) Institutions like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund became powerful advisors to all these countries since they gave them loans for their transition to capitalism. Politically, the nation of liberal democracy .emerged as the best way to organise political life.
(v) The end of the Soviet Bloc meant the emergence of many new countries because at the dawn of the disintegration of USSR, Soviet Union was divided into 15 independent countries. All these countries had their own independent aspirations and choices.
(vi) The Central Asian countries wanted to take advantage of their geographical location and continue their close ties with Russia and also to establish ties with the US, China and others.
Question 28.
Explain the contribution of Jawaharlal Nehru in formulating the Foreign Policy of India. (6)
Or
Discuss the strained relationship between India and China which led to the Chinese invasion of 1962.
Answer:
India formulated its Foreign Policy with an aim to respect the sovereignty of all other nations and to achieve security through the maintenance of peace. The major principles of India’s Foreign Policy are
(i) Non-Alignment : It means not to join any of the power blocks or enter into military alliance, having an independent Foreign Policy and working for peaceful co-existence. Non-Alignment stands for disarmament, development, decolonisation, democratisation of international organisations, protection of the environment, etc.
(ii) Panchsheel : It is a guideline in our relation with other countries that was signed between India and China in 1954. Its five principles are
(a) Respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.
(b) Mutual non-aggression’.
(c) Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs.
(d) Equality and mutual benefit.
(e) Peaceful co-existence.
(iii) Opposition to Colonialism : Since we have been the victims of colonial rule and exploitation, we stand for the right of self-determination and anti-imperialism. We supported the cause of freedom of the colonies of Africa and Asia, as colonialism is a violation of fundamental human rights. India cooperated with Indonesia in its efforts for freedom and also supported the freedom struggles in Malaya, Algeria, Tansia and Namibia, etc. India’s concern for Bangladesh and of Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait reflects our opposition to colonialism.
(iv) Disarmament : It means cutting down on production of arms and their stockpiles so as to make the world a more secure place to live in. An arms race leads to wasteful expenditure, mutually assured destruction, environmental pollution and a lopsided economy. The same money could be used for welfare and constructive purposes. We signed the Chemical Weapons Ban Treaty and also supported disarmament talks like SALT-I, SALT-II, START-I, etc.
Or
The strained relationship between India and China which led to Chinese invasion of 1962 because of the following reasons
- In 1950, China annexed Tibet which removed a historical buffer between two countries. Initially, India didn’t oppose it openly, but later it resented this issue when information regarding Tibetan culture suppression came up.
- Dalai Lama, the Tibetan spiritual leader sought and obtained political asylum in India in 1959. China opposed this move by declaring that India is supporting anti-China activities.
- China and India were involved in a border conflict in 1962 over competing territorial claims principally in Arunachal Pradesh and in the Aksai Chin region of Ladakh. The conflict of 1962, in which India suffered military reverses, had long-term implications for India-China relations.
Question 29.
Describe any six issues of consensus to show that in the midst fo severe competitions and conflicts a consensus has appeared among most political parties.
Or
Analyse the rise and fall of any two coalition governments from the year 1989 to 2004.
Answer:
Sometimes the period after 1989 is seen as a period of decline of Congress and rise of BJP. Despite severe competition and many conflicts, a broad consensus emerged on many crucial issues. These were
- First agreement was on new economic policies.
- Most political parties have consensus about the new economic policies despite the fact many groups opposed this. As it was believed that these policies will bring prosperity and help the country to be an economic power in the world.
- Second was the acceptance of political and social claims of the backward castes.
- Most of the political parties accepted and supported the reservation of seats for the backward classes in education and employment. Political Parties also ensure that the OBC’s get adequate share of power.
- The third acceptance was the role of regional parties.
- The role of state level parties in governance of the country is accepted by all major parties. Regional parties are sharing power at the national level and has been playing central role in the politics of the country for twenty years.
- The fourth emphasis was on pragmatic considerations rather than the ideological.
- Most of the political parties’ emphasis on practical considerations rather than ideological positions. The coalition politics has shifted the focus of political parties from ideological differences to power sharing arrangements. For instance, most parties of NDA didn’t agree with the Hindutva ideology of BJP but they came together to form government.
Or
With the elections of 1989, a long phase of coalition politics began in India. Since then, there have been nine governments at the Centre. All of them have either been coalition governments or minority governments supported by other parties which did not join the government. In this new phase, any government could be formed only with the participation of support of many regional parties. For example
- Nation Front Government in 1989
- The United Front Government in 1996 and 1997
- National Democratic Alliance (NDA), BJP led coalition in 1997, 1998, 1999
- United Progressive Alliance (UPA) in 2004
United Front Government : Some parties had Congress support and formed alliance in 1996 called United Front. In 1989, BJP and Left supported National Front. In 1989, BJP and Left wanted to keep the Congress out of power, hence, both supported National Front and later in 1996, Congress and Left both wanted to keep out BJP from the power. Therefore, both supported United Front in 1996.
United Progressive Alliance : In 1996, BJP was invited to form the government, but most of the political parties, opposed its policies, consequently it could not secure a majority in the Lok Sabha.
In 2004 elections, the Congress party came to power with the new alliance known as United Progressive Alliance. This was a coalition in a big way. NDA was defeated and installation of another coalition led by Dr Manmohan Singh occurred.
The UPA received support from DMK, PMK, AIADMK, RJD, NCP, TRS and Left from Andhra Pradesh, etc.
The 2004 election also saw the partial revival of Congress party as it increased its seats in comparision to 1996 elections.
Question 30.
It is said that the nation is to a large extent an ‘imagined community’ held together by common beliefs, history, political aspirations and imaginations. Identify the features that make India a nation. (6)
Or
How did the death of Potti Sriramulu lead to the State Reorganisation on linguistic basis?
Answer:
A nation is defined as a group of people living in a common geographical area, sharing common history, language, religion, descent, ethnicity and culture. Features that make India a nation are as follows
India is a land of immense diversities. It is multi-lingual, multi-religious, multicultural and multi-regional country. With all sorts of diversities, the country has maintained unity and integrity. There is unity amidst diversity. Despite all the crisis, political decay, chaos, instability changes and challenges, the country has remained its unity, integrity and nationhood.
India as a nation is held together with same political aspirations which ensures democratic set-up based on Parliamentary form of government that inculcates political competition in a democratic framework.
Indian society is based on welfare state i.e. on the principles of equality, freedom, protection to socially disadvantaged groups and religions, etc. There will be no discrimination on the basis of religion, race, sex or place of birth as per the Indian Constitution.
Or
Potti Sriramulu was a renowned Gandhian activist and participated in Civil Disobedience Movement and also in individual Satyagraha. He left his job and joined all the movements throughout India. He undertook fast unto death for demanding a separate Andhra state from Madras province. His death raised the movement for separate Andhra Pradesh.
In Madras province, several legislators resigned their seats in protest. At last, the Prime Minister announced the formation of a separate Andhra Pradesh state. In December, 1952, the formation of Andhra Pradesh led to the struggle for making of other states on linguistic lines.
These struggles forced the government to appoint States Reorganisation Commission. Centre appointed States Reorganisation Commission in 1953 to look into the question of redrawing of the boundaries of states on linguistic basis.