Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History with Solutions Set 6 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Set 6 with Solutions
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions
- Question paper comprises five Sections – A, B, C. D and E. There are 34 questions in the question paper. All
questions are compulsory. - Section A: Question 1 to 21 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
- Section B: Question no. 22 to 27 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 60-80 words. - Section C: Question no 28 to 30 are Long Answer Type Questions, carrying marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 300-350 words. - Section D: Question no. 31 to 33 are Source Based Questions with three sub-questions and are of 4 marks each.
- Section E: Question no. 34 is Map-based, carrying S marks that includes the identification and location of significant test items. Attach the map with the answer book.
- There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
- In addition to this. separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
Section A
Section A consists of 21 questions of 1 mark each
Question 1.
Who among the following proposed the ‘policy of pacification’ under which Paharia chiefs were given annual allowance and made responsible for the proper conduct of men? (1)
(a) Francis Buchanan
(b) Robert Starchery
(c) William Hodges
(d) Augustus Cleveland
Answer:
(d) Augustus Cleveland
Question 2.
Who among the following is referred to as the king Devanampiya Piyadassi? (1)
(a) Ashoka
(b) Bimbisara
(c) Chandragupta Maurya
(d) Bindusara
Answer:
(a) Ashoka
Question 3.
Why was the task of defining rights was difficult in the Constituent Assembly? (1)
(a) Different groups have different demands regarding rights.
(b) British do not want to include it in constitutional framework.
(c) Gandhiji opposed the idea of special rights for some sections.
(d) Right of people in princely state was ambiguous.
Answer:
(a) Different groups have different demands regarding rights.
Question 4.
Fill in the blanks.
The term used for names derived from the name of the mother or female ancestor is called …………………. . (1)
(a) Matrilineal
(b) Matrimonial
(c) Metronymic
(d) Matriliny
Answer:
(c) Metronymic
Question 5.
Consider the following statements regarding Buddhism and choose the correct option. (1)
I. It grows rapidly, both during the lifetime and after the death of Buddha.
II. It did not give much importance to conduct and values.
III. It appealed to many people who were dissatisfied with the existing religious practice.
IV. It laid much stress on superiority based on birth.
Option
(a) Only (i) is correct.
(b) Only (i) and (ii) are correct.
(c) Only (i) and (iii) are correct.
(d) Only (ii) and (iv) are correct.
Answer:
(c) Only (i) and (iii) are correct.
Question 6.
Works of whom amongst the following were translated in Sanskrit by Al-Biruni? (1)
(a) Euclid
(b) Pythagoras
(c) Panini
(d) Patanjali
Answer:
(a) Euclid
Question 7.
Match the following. (1)
List I | List II |
A. The world is transient | 1. Self-punishment |
B. The world is soulless | 2. Anatta |
C. The world is full of sorrows | 3. Anicca |
D. The path of moderation | 4. Dukkha |
Codes
(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(b) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
(c) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
(d) A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2
Answer:
(c) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
Question 8.
Lord Jagannatha with his sister Subhadra and Brother Balarama are worshipped in the famous temple at
(a) Puri, Orissa
(b) Mvsore, Karnataka
(c) Dakshineswar, West Bengal
(d) Deogarh, Jharkhand
Answer:
(a) Puri, Orissa
Question 9.
Choose the incorrect one about Lingayat community from the following. (1)
(a) They challenged the idea of caste.
(b) They questioned the theory of rebirth.
(c) They encouraged the practices approved in Dharmashastras.
(d) They did not practice funerary rites.
Answer:
(c) They encouraged the practices approved in Dharmashastras.
Question 10.
Abdur Razzaq was an ambassador sent by the ruler of (1)
(a) Persia
(b) Russia
(c) Portugal
(d) Germany
Answer:
(a) Persia
Question 11.
Identify the person related to the Bhakti Movement with the help of the given information. (1)
He was leading proponent of Vaishnavism in Assam in the late 15th century. His teachings were based on the Bhagavad Gita and Bhagavata Purana and referred to as Bhagavati Dharma.
(a) Tukaram
(b) Shankara deva
(c) Kabir
(d) Ramanuja
Answer:
(b) Shankara Deva
Question 12.
Read the following statements carefully and identify the place where this stupa is located from the given options. (1)
I. It is the largest and magnificent Buddhist Stupa.
II. It is situated in Maharashtra.
(a) Sanchi Stupa
(b) Dhamek Stupa
(c) Amaravati Stupa
(d) Bharhut Stupa
Answer:
(c) Amaravati Stupa
Question 13.
What was the main demand of Khilafat Movement? (1)
(a) Dominion Status for India
(b) Self-rule of India
(c) Restoration of Caliphate of Turkey
(d) Revival of Orthodox Culture of Islam.
Answer:
(c) Restoration of Caliphate of Turkey
Question 14.
Which among the following is not one of the eight paths/principles followed by Buddhists? (1)
(a) Right Efforts
(b) Right Inspiration
(c) Right Thought
(d) Right Intention
Answer:
(b) Right Inspiration
Question 15.
In Sufi tradition, the word Pir means
(a) the Supreme God.
(b) the greatest of all the Sufi saints.
(c) the orthodox teacher who contests the Sufi beliefs.
(d) the Guru of the Sufis.
Answer:
(d) the Guru of the Sufis.
Question 16.
Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labellcd as Reason (R). (1)
Assertion (A) There was lack of private property in land in India.
Reason (R) The emperor owned all the land distributed among its nobles.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Question 17.
The Prayag Prashasti was composed in Sanskrit by ………………., the Court poet of ………………….. . (1)
(a) Harisena, Chandragupta II
(b) Harisena, Samudragupta
(c) Banabhatta, Chandragupta
(d) Harisena, Harshavardhana
Answer:
(b) Harisena, Samudragupta
Question 18.
Who joined the Union Cabinet as Law Minister after Independence and also served as Chairman of the Drafting Committee? (1)
(a) Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer
(b) Rajendra Prashad
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru
(d) BR Ambedkar.
Answer:
(d) BR Ambedkar.
Question 19.
Mahatma Gandhi used to publish the letters written to him in his journal (1)
(a) Harijan
(b) Young India
(c) New India
(d) Indian Opinion
Answer:
(a) Harijan
Question 20.
Identify the name of the person from the information given below. (1)
I. He was the most influential and revered of all the leaders who participated in the freedom struggle.
II. He had been invited on account of his work in South Africa rather than his status within India.
III. At the Second Round Table Conference, he opposed the demand for separate electorates for lower castes.
IV. He first forged the distinctive techniques of non-violent protest known as Satyagraha.
Options
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Rajendra Prasad
(d) Jayaprakash Narayan
Answer:
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
Question 21.
Why the socialists were in confusion to join the Assembly? Choose the correct option from the following. (1)
(a) They believed the Assembly to be creation of the Muslim league.
(b) They believed the Assembly to be creation of the British.
(c) They believed the Assembly to be creation of the Congress.
(d) They believed the Assembly to be creation of the Princely states.
Answer:
(b) They believed the Assembly to be creation of the British.
Section B
Section B consists of 6 questions of 3 marks each
Question 22.
What were the political centers of Mauryan Empire? Also, enumerate the state of military in that empire. (1+2)
Answer:
The five major political centers in the Mauryan empire were the capital Pataliputra and the provincial centers of Taxila, Ujjaini, Tosali, and Suvarnagiri, which are mentioned in Asokan inscriptions.
According to Megasthenes, there was a committee with six sub-committees for coordinating military activity. Of these, one looked after the navy, the second managed transport, and provisions, the third was responsible for foot soldiers, the fourth for horses, the fifth for chariots, and the sixth for elephants.
The activities of the second sub-committee were rather varied arranging for bullock carts to carry equipments, procuring food for soldiers and fodder for animals and recruiting servants and artisans to look after the soldiers.
Question 23.
Discuss about the Hazara Rama temple. What happened to different buildings after Vijayanagara kings? (2+1)
Answer:
Hazara Rama temple was one of the most spectacular among the temples. This might had been used only by the king and his family. Images in the central shrine of the temple are missing, but sculpted panels on walls are still present. These include scenes from the Ramyana sculpted on the inner walls of the shrine. When the Vijayanagara city was looted and destroyed, many of the structures or buildings were destroyed. Later, the practice of building large structures were continued by the Nayakas. Now many of these buildings have survived.
Question 24.
Explain the Khilafat Movement. What demands were made by the proponents of the Khilafat Movement? (1+2)
Answer:
The Khilafat Movement (1919-1920) was a movement of Indian Muslims. led by Ali brothers Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, It emerged as a result of dismemberment of Turkey by the British. It sought to restore the Caliphate, a symbol of Pan-Islamism which had recently been abolished by the Turkish ruler Kemal Ataturk.
Following demands were made by the supporters of the Khilafat Movement
- The Turkish Sultan or Khalifa must retain control over the Muslim sacred places in the erstwhile Ottoman empire.
- The Jazirat-uI-Arab (Arabia, Syria, Iraq, Palestine) must remain under Muslim sovereignty only.
- The Khalita must be left with sufficient territory to enable them to defend the Islamic faith.
Question 25.
Discuss the views of the following leaders regarding the notion of separate electorate. (1.5+1.5)
(a) GB Pant
(b) Sardar Patel
Or
Partition of India had made nationalists fervently opposed to the idea of a separate electorate. Examine the views of RV
Dhulekar and BR Arnbedkar. (1.5+ 1.5)
Answer:
(a) According to GB Pant, separate electorates were not only harmful for the nation but also minorities. It would permanently isolate the minorities, make them vulnerable and deprive them of an effective say in the government. He agreed that the success of democracy was to be judged by the confidence it generated amongst different sections of people. He also believed that every citizen in a free state should be treated in a manner that satisfied not only his materialistic needs but also spiritual sense of self-respect.
(b) Sardar Vallabhbai Patel considered the idea of separate electorate as a poison that had entered the body of politics in the country. It was a demand that had turned one community against another, divided the nation, caused bloodshed and had led to the tragic partition of the country.
Or
Partition of India had made nationalists fervently opposed to idea of a separate electorate. There were two different views
RV Dhulekar stated that the English played their games under the cover of safeguards. He also said that with the help of it, they allured the minorities for a long duration. It should be given up now as there is no more to misguide the country. Partition had made nationalists fervently opposed to the idea of separate electorates. The nationalists were haunted by their fear of continued civil unrest and violence.
BR Ambedkar was in favour of a separate electorate for the Dalits but before independence, he gave up his demand. He also opposed members of the assembly who were demanding separate electorates.
Question 26.
Explain the relevance of Ain-i-Akbari of Abu’l Faz! as a historical source. (3)
Answer:
Ain-i-Akbari is the third volume of the Akbar Nama written by Abu’I Fazi. It is about the political and administrative history of Akbar’s reign. It talks about the mode of governance of Akbars administrative and statistical reports of the government. It is an important historical source of Akbar’s reign for the following reasons
- it is an imperial gazetter of Akbar’s reign.
- It talks about court life, administration, and army.
- It gives details of revenue administration.
- It mentions about problems faced by provinces,
- It gives information about culture and geography of a region,
- It presents information about Mughal Empire.
- It gives information about diverse population consisting of Hindus, Jamas, Muslims, and Buddhists.
Question 27.
What are the features of stupas at Sanchi and Bharhut? (3)
Or
Examine the significance of the depiction of animals at Sanchi stupa. (3)
Answer:
The early stupas at Sanchi and Bharhut were built in 2nd century BCE. The main features of these stupas were
- These were plain except for the stone railings, which resembled a bamboo or wooden fence.
- The gateways of these stupas were richly carved and installed at the four cardinal points.
- Worshippers entered through the Eastern gateway and walked around the mound in a clockwise direction, keeping the mound on the right, imitating the-Sun’s course through the sky.
- Later, the mound of the stupas was made to be elaborately carved with niches and sculptures, like Amaravati and Shah-ji-ki-Dheri in Peshawar,
Or
Some of the finest depictions of animals are found at Sanchi stupa. These animals include elephants, and horses. monkeys and cattle. The jatakas contain several animal stories that are depicted at Sanchi. Many of these animals were carved to create lively scenes to draw viewers. Also, animals were often used as symbols of human attributes. For example, elephants were depicted to signify strength and wisdom.
Section C
Section C consists of 3 questions of 8 marks each
Question 28.
Explain how the rulers of Vijayanagara ensured water supply to the regions of their empire. What does it show about the kings?
(5+3)
Or
What impression about the lives of ordinary people can be collected from the travel accounts, field surveys and architecture of
Vijayanagara Empire? (8)
Answer:
The most important feature about the location of Vijayanagara is that the natural basin formed by the river Tungabhadra flows in North-Easterty direction and the presence of various streams flowing down the hills. Therefore, kings of Vijayanagara built dams, tanks and canal. Check-dams were built along the hills to create reservoirs of different sizes.
As this region is among the most arid zones of the peninsula, arrangements were made to store rainwater and transmit to the city. In the fifteenth century, the most important tank was built called Kamalapuram Tank, The water from this tank was used both to irrigate fields and transmit to the royal centre through a channel. One of the most important waterworks could be seen among the remains is the Hiriya Canal.
This was built by the kings of the Sarigam Dynasty. The canal got water from a dam across the Tungabhadra and irrigated the cultivated valley that separated the sacred center from the urban core. The actions taken by the kings to ensure water supply
shows the following
- The construction of dams, tanks and canals by the kings show the values of care and concern for people.
- It is the king’s responsibility to provide water to his people especially in the semi-arid region of Vijayanagara.
- Thus, by creating the construction works, the rulers showed their responsible actions as well as public welfare.
- Storing the valuable rainwater and using throughout the year also shows the effort to sustain in the tough environmental conditions along with the conservation of precious water resources.
Or
- Ordinary people were not a part of royal court They were normal people who were busy in their own lives for their daily livelihood, impression on the lives of the Ordinary people of Vijayanagara can be explained through the following points
Archaeologists found little archaeological evidence of the houses of ordinary people They have found fine Chinese porcelain in some areas, in the North-Eastern corner of the urban core.
This shows that these areas might have been occupied by rich traders. This area was also the Muslim residential quarter. Tombs and Mosques present here have different functions but their architecture resembles that of the mandapas found in temples of Hampi.
Sixteenth-century Portuguese traveller Duarte Barbosa described the houses of ordinary people. which have not sun,nved that, these houses had roofs made of straw, palm leaves, etc but were well built and were arranged according to the occupations, in
long streets which had many open places.
Field surveys show that the entire area of Vijayanagara was scattered with number of shrines and small temples. This shows presence of different cults, which might be supported by different communities. The surveys also indicate that wells, rainwater tanks, temple tanks were used as sources of water by the ordinary town people.
Architectural features do not tell us about the ordinary men, women and children who comprise of the vast majority of the people and lived in the city and its out skirts. We do not know from these impressive building that, whether these people had access to any of these areas within the royal centre or the sacred centre.
Question 29.
Give a detailed account on making of Indian Constitution. (8)
Or
What were that immediate issues before the makers of the Constitution and also explain why the Constitution is regarded as a source of aspiration of freedom fighters in India? (8)
Answer:
Constitution of India was the result of more than 3 years of debate, discussion and deliberation among nationalist leaders and constitutional experts This culminated into making of lengthiest written constitution of the world.
The following points gives an account of making of Indian Constitution
- It was drafted by the Constituent Assembly of India. which was formed under the provisions of Cabinet Mission Plan of May, 1946.
- The members of the assembly were elected through existing provincial Legislature for which elections was held in 1946. It also comprised representatives from Princely States.
- The Muslim League chose to boycott the Constituent Assembly pressing its demand for Pakistan with a separate Constitution. Hence, 82% of the members of the Constituent Assembly were also the members of the Congress.
- Under the Presidentship of Rajendra Prasad, the assembly created many important committees for focused deliberations on specific features of Constitution. Constitutional experts and eminent public figures were also invited in the Constitution-making process.
- Public opinion also influenced the Constitution-making process of India, The linguistic minorities demanded protection to their mother tongue while religious minorities also asked for special safeguards.
- Under the Chairmanship of B R Ambedkar, the Drafting Committee studied more than 50 Constitutions of various countries and incorporated several features from these constitutions such as Preamble and Fundamental Rights from Constitution of USA.
- It was ratified by the Constitutional Assembly on 26th November, 1949 and it came into effect from 26th January, 1950.
Or
- The years preceding the making of Constitution was a time of great hope but also of abject disappointment. The immediate issue were
- The Independence of the India was also accompanied with partition of the country. The grief caused by death of millions of people in riots and arson had huge imprint on the members of Constitutional Assembly.
- Subhash Chandra Bose bid to win freedom through armed struggle and subsequent INA trials were also among the significant issues before making of the Constitution.
- There were also mass protests of orkers and peasants in different parts of the country in the late 1940s. Constitution as a Source of Aspiration of Freedom Fighters In India.
The Constitution Assembly was being considered a source of expressing the aspirations of those who had participated in the freedom struggle. Since the 19th century, the ideals of democracy, equality, and justice had become closely associated with social struggles in India.
The social reformers in the 19th century were requesting for social justice while opposing child marriage and demanding widow remarriage. The Mahatma Gandhi’s emphasis on peace and tolerance, village development and truth and non-violence served juiding light in front of members of Constitution Assembly. Jyotiba Phule in Maharashtra pointed to the suffering of the depressed castes and suggested an alternative path for the empowerment and emancipation of women and oppressed class which was duly carried forward by the members of Constituent Assembly.
Similarly, communists and socialists organised workers and peasants, demanding economic and social justice. The national movement against an oppressive and illegitimate government was also a struggle for democracy and justice. for citizens right
and equality which is guaranteed by our Constitution.
Question 30.
Describe briefly the sources used for reconstructing the histrny of the Gupta rulers. (8)
Or
A statement by DC Sircar “There is no aspect of life, culture and activities of the Indians that is not reflected in inscriptions.” Discuss. (8)
Answer:
The Gupta rulers established a vast empire in the 4th century whose history was reconstructed from various sources. These sources are further divided into archaeological and literary.
Archaeological sources includes inscriptions, pottery, coins and prashastis whereas literary sources includes both religious as well as secular literature.
These sources are explained in the following ways
Inscriptions These are writings engraved on hard surfaces like stones, metals, etc. These are generally composed in praise of kings in particular and patrons in general by the poets. For example, the Allahabad pillar inscription or Prayaga Prashasti was composed in Sanskrit by Harisena, the court poet of Samudragupta, in praise of him.
Coins These are also an important source of reconstructing the history of Gupta rulers, as they include elements like scripts, images, and the context in which they are found. Some of the most spectacular gold coins were issued by the Gupta rulers. These coins facilitated long-distance transactions from which the expansion of trade and commerce was known.
Terracottas and Pottery Gupta pottery remains found at Ahichchhatra, Rajgarh, Hastinapur, and Bashar also helps in their historical reconstruction.
The most distinctive class of pottery of this period is the red ware. They were incised by private individuals as well as by kings. They provide us information on the genealogy of the kings mentioned in them. Large number of seals have been found from different regions of the empire, they give an insight into the provincial and local administration.
Literature Wide corpus of literature is available which are composed at the time of rule of Gupta Empire. Vijjaka wrote a book named Kaumudi Mahotsava, which gives information about coronation of Chandragupta I. Similarly, Vishakadatta wrote a
drama named Devichandraguptam which was based on the lite of Queen Dhurva Devi and Chandragupta II.
Prashastis They are inscriptions composed in praise of kings by their poets. They generally contained genealogies of the rulers, their achievements and comparisons with mythological figures. Historians attempted to draw factual information from the compositions of Prashastis.
Or
Many of the aspects of life, culture, and activities of Indians are recorded in inscriptions. It can be corroborated from the following points
Many of the rulers engraved inscriptions in different parts of the country. It gives information about land grants, public work, local and provincial administration apart from giving account of any historical event. For instance, Asokan inscription tell us about the Kalinga war.
The Asokan inscription also throws light on his attitude towards public. Through inscriptions, he advised people to follow good cultural practices such as respect for elders, Brahamanas, and monks and end the slaughter of animals.
The aspect of agricultural and rural life can also be inferred from the inscriptions. For example, The Girnar rock inscription of Rudradarnan tells us about construction of lake, with embankment and water Channel in arid area of Gujarat.
The inscriptions commissioned by Gupta and Satvahana rulers talks about land grants to Brahmanas. It helps in reconstruction of history of agriculture and arid settlement in the areas mentioned in this inscriptions.
Apart from rulers, inscriptions were also commissioned by rich merchants. In their inscriptions, their grants for construction of religious buildings such as temples, chaitya viharas and stupas are mentioned. It throws light on religious aspect of life.
Inscriptions commissioned during the rule of Satvahana informs about the system of lineage followed by their kings in addition to condition of women at that time. For example, Nashik inscription was commissioned by mother of Gautamiputra Satakarni.
Thus, DC Sircar rightly points than inscriptions do serve a rich source for finding Out life, culture, and activities of the Indians. But they are in itself not a complete source due to several limitations.
Section D
Section D consists of 3 Source based questions of 4 marks each
Question 31.
Read the following source carefully and answer the question that follows.
‘Great’ and ‘little’ traditions
The terms great and little traditions were coined by a sociologist named Robert Redfield in 20th century to describe the cultural practices of peasant societies. He found that peasants observed rituals and customs that emanated from dominant social categories, including priest and rulers.
These he classified as part of a great tradition. At the same time peasants also followed local practices that did not necessarily correspond with those of great tradition. These he included within the category of little tradition. He also noticed that both great and little traditions changed over time, through a process of interaction.
While scholars accept the significance of these categories and processes, they are uncomfortable with the hierarchy suggested
by the term great and little. The use of quotation marks for “great” and “little” is one way of indicating this.
(i) Why Robert Redfield coined the term ‘great’ and ‘little’ tradition? (1)
(ii) Give two examples each of ‘great’ and ‘little’ traditions from your life?
(iii) Why scholars disagreed on terminology of ‘great’ and ‘little’ tradition? (2)
Answer:
(i) Robert Redfield coined the term ‘gear and ‘little tradition to describe the cultural practices of peasant societies, which he believed were borrowed from dominant social categories.
(ii) The two examples of ‘great tradition are
- English language
- Urban life
Question 32.
Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow
Evidence of an ‘Invasion’
Much later, in 1947, REM Wheeler, the Director-General of the ASI, tried to correlate this archaeological evidence with that of the Rigveda, the earliest known text in the subcontinent. He wrote the Rigveda mentions pin; meaning rampart, fort or stronghold, Indra, the Aryan war god is called Purarndara, the fort-destroyer.
Where are – or were – these citadels? It has in the past been supposed that they were mythical. The recent excavation of Harappa may be thought to have changed the picture. Here, we have a highly evolved civilisation of essentially non-Aryan type, now known to have employed massive fortifications.
What destroyed this firmly settled civilisation? Climatic, economic or political deterioration may have weakened it, but its ultimate extinction is more likely to have been completed by deliberate and large-scale destruction. It may be no more chance that at a late period of Mohenjodaro men, women, and children, appear to have been massacred there. On circumstantial
evidence, Indra stands accused.
(i) What was the importance of citadels in Mohenjodaro? (1)
(ii) Explain the reasons attributed for the disappearance of Harappan Civilisation. (1)
(iii) ‘Harappan Civilisation was a single state’. Give arguments in support of the statement. (2)
Answer:
(i) Citadels in Mohenjodaro was important as it served as a center of political and religious conditioning, with structures like granaries, public cataracts and a large yard.
(ii) Following reasons are cited for the disappearance of Harappan Civilisation.
- Climatic, economic or political deterioration.
- Massacre of men, women, and children of Mohenjodaro.
(iii) Following arguments support that Harappa was a single-state
- indications of complex decisions taken and implemented in Harappan society.
- Similarity of artifacts found clearly in pottery, seals, weights, and bricks.
- The close linkage of all the important cities within one region.
Question 33.
Read the following source carefully and answer the question that follow.
Gandhiji in Young India, 17th March 1927 Mahatma Gandhi was profoundly critical of the modern age in which machines enslaved humans and displaced labour. He saw the charkha as a symbol of a human society that would not glorif machines and technology. The spinning wheel, moreover, could provide the poor with supplementary income and make them self-reliant. What is object to, is the craze for- machinery as such.
The craze is for what they call labourersaving machinery. Men go on ‘saving labour’, till thousands are without work and thrown on the open streets to die of starvation. I want to save time and labour, not for a fraction of mankind, but for all; I want the concentration of wealth, not in the hands of few, but in the hands of all. Young India, 13th November 1924 Khaddar does not seek to destroy all machinery but it does regulate its use and check its weedy growth. It tises machinery for the service of the poorest in their own cottages. The wheel is itself an exquisite piece of machinery.
(i) Why Charkha was given importance by Gandhiji? (1)
(ii) How would spinning wheel help poor? (1)
(iii) How will machines impact the poor? (2)
Answer:
(i) Charkha was symbolised as a symbol of self-reliant society. It will diminish the glory of machines and technology, so it was given importance by Gandhiji.
(ii) Gandhiji believed that the spinning wheel could provide the poor with supplementary income and make them self-reliant,
(iii) Gandhiji believed that the poor will be thrown out of their jobs if the machines were introduced. It will leave many people without jobs and increased starvation.
Section E
Section E consists of Map based question of 5 marks
Question 34.
A. Locate and label the following. (3)
(i) A territory under British control in 1857 in East
(ii) The place where Buddha was born
Or
(iii) The place of Sane hi stupa
(iv) Urban town of Nageshwar in Harappan Civilisation,
B. On the given political outline map of India, two centers of the National Movement have been marked as 1 and 2 Write their
names. (2)
Answer: