Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science with Solutions Set 4 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 4 with Solutions
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions
- Question paper comprises five Sections – A B, C, D, and E. There are 37 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
- Section A – From question 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
- Section B – Question no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions. carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words.
- Section C contains Q.25 to Q.29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each, Answer to each question should riot exceed 60 words.
- Section D – Question no. 30 to 33 are long answer-type questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
- Section E – Questions no. from 34 to 36 are case-based questions with three sub-questions and are of 4 marks each.
- Section F – Question no. 37 is map based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37a from History (2 marks) and 37b from Geography (3 marks).
- There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
- In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
Section A
Section A consists of 20 questions of 1 mark each
Question 1.
Identify the crop with the help of the clues given below. (1)
This crop is used as both food and fodder. It requires temperature from 21°C to 27°C.
It is a Kharif crop which grows well in old Alluvial soil.
(a) Millets
(b) Maize
(c) Wheat
(d) Pulses
Answer:
(b) Maize
Question 2.
Which one of the following terms is used to identify’ the old and new alluvial respectively? (1)
(a) Khadar and Tarai
(b) Tarai and Bangar
(c) Bangar and Khadar
(d) Tarai and Duars
Answer:
(c) Bangar and Khadar
Question 3.
According to the Human Development Report of UNDP, 2018, the HDI ranking of countries are mentioned below. (1)
Column A | Column B |
A. Sri Lanka | 1. 76 |
B. India | 2. 130 |
C. Pakistan | 3. 150 |
D. Nepal | 4. 149 |
Why India ranks low in Human Development Index despite of its huge size and population? Select the most suitable options from the following.
(a) Less investment in social infrastructure.
(b) Gender inequality is still prevalent.
(c) Increasing income inequalities among different sections of the society.
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above
Question 4.
Which one of the following is the leguminous crop? (1)
(a) Millets
(b) Pulses
(c) Maize
(d) Sugarcane
Answer:
(b) Pulses
Question 5.
The activities involved in tourism like guide, hotels, travel, food, etc arc included in which sector of the economy? (1)
(a) Public sector
(b) Tertiary sector
(c) Unorganised sector
(d) Primary sector
Answer:
(b) Tertiary sector
Question 6.
Which of the following options are correct about the features of the economic situation which existed in Europe? (1)
I. Migration of population from rural to urban regions.
II. Small producers had to face stiff competition from England.
III. Industrial Revolution became more advanced in most countries of Europe.
IV. Number of job seekers exceeded the employment opportunities.
Cades
(a) Both I and II
(b) Both II and III
(c) I, II and IV
(d) Both III and IV
Answer:
(c) I, II and IV
Question 7.
Which of the following statements held that workers are exploited in the unorganised sector? Identify the correct option.
I. There are no fixed number of working hours.
II. They do not get other allowances apart from the daily wages.
III. They can be asked to leave the job at any time.
IV. Workers are registered by the government and have to follow its rules and regulations.
Codes
(a) Both I and II
(b) Both H and III
(c) I, II and III
(d) Only IV
Answer:
(c) I, II and III
Question 8.
There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes given below. (1)
Assertion (A) Rubber is grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas.
Reason (R) It requires moist and humid climate with rainfall of more than 1oo cm and temperature above 50°C,
Codes
(a) Both A and R arc true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer:
(c) A is true, but R is false
Question 9.
Coalition Government is formed by the two or more political parties. Which of the following options best signifies this image
related to coalition? (1)
(a) Coalition government is a new form of Government in India.
(b) The ruling party and the opposition party form the coalition government.
(c) In the coalition government, the leader decides every rule.
(d) The leader of the coalition keeps the partners of the government satisfied.
Answer:
(c) In the coalition government, the leader decides every rule.
Question 10.
The secondary sector, also known as the industrial sector involves the production and manufacturing of goods using raw materials obtained from the primary sector. This sector includes industries that are engaged in the transformation of raw materials into finished products such as construction, manufacturing, and electricity generation. Which among the following is the feature of the secondary sector? (1)
(a) It covers activities in which tertiary goods are used to produce some other commodity.
(b) This secior incall includes services such as manufacturing, construction, and gas. watch; electricity supply. etc.
(c) It produces more than the total country’s output.
(d) The employees of this sector are more than half of the working population.
Answer:
(b) This sector mainly includes services such as manufacturing construction, gas, water, electricity supply, etc.
Question 11.
Which among the following claimed that true German culture was discovered among the common people? (1)
(a) Louis Philippe
(b) Johann Gottfricd Herder
(c) Karol Karpinski
(d) Carl Welcker
Answer:
(b) Johann Gottfred Herder
Question 12.
Identify the correct statements about the Civil War of Sri Lanka. (1)
Statement I Sri Lankan Tamils caused struggles because their demands of autonomous state were disapproved.
Statement Il It caused a lot of bloodshed among the civilians and the military.
Statement III It ended in 2009.
Statement IV It was fought between Sri Lankan Muslim Tamils and. Buddhist Sinhalese.
Codes
(a) Statement I and II are right
(b) Statement IT and 111 are right
(c) Statement Ill and IV are right
(d) Statement 1. II and III are right
Answer:
(d) Statement I, II, and III are right
Question 13.
Which of the following two ports grew after the European companies gained power in trade? (1)
(a) Surat and Hoogly
(b) Madras and Masulipatnam
(c) Bombay and Calcutta
(d) Kandla and Vishakhapatnam
Answer:
(c) Bombay and Calcutta
Question 14.
Fill in the blanks.
Issues | Lawmakers |
Computer Software | Union Government |
Trade Unions | ? |
(a) State Government
(b) Union Government
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b)
Question 15.
Arrange the following events in a chronological order. (1)
I. First spinning and weaving mill of Madras began production
II. First jute mill cornes up in Bengal
III. James Watt patents the steam engine
IV. Earliest factories started in England
Codes
(a) I, II, IV, III
(b) IV, I, II, III
(c) IV, III, lI, I
(d) III, IV, II, I
Answer:
(c) IV, III, II, I
Question 16.
Vienna Congress was convened in 1815 for what purpose? (1)
(a) To declare completion of German Unification.
(b) To restore conservative regime in Europe.
(c) To declare war against France.
(d) To start the process of Italian unification.
Answer:
(b) To restore conservative regime in Europe.
Question 17.
Consider the following statements on the practice of federalism in India. Identify those which hold true for decentralisation
after 1992. (1)
I. Local Governments did not have any power or resources of their own.
II. It became constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to Local Government bodies.
III. The State Governments are required to share some powers and revenue with Local Government bodies.
IV. No seats are reserved in the elected bodies for Scheduled Castes. Scheduled Tribes and other backward classes.
Codes
(a) II and III
(b) I and III
(c) I and IV
(d) II and IV
Answer:
(a) II and III
Question 18.
The sum of the total production of all goods and services in the three sectors are combinedly called as (1)
(a) NDP
(b) GNI
(c) GDP
(d) NI
Answer:
(c) GDP
Question 19.
Identify the power-sharing system with the help of the following information.
Power is shared among different organs of the government.
All the organs of the government are placed at the same level.
It specifies the concept of checks and balances.
(a) Community Government
(b) Vertical Division of Power
(c) Horizontal Division of Power
(d) Unitary form of Government
Answer:
(c) Horizontal Division of Power
Question 20.
A’ is a worker in a garment export industry in Jaipur. He gets facilities like health insurance, provident fund, medical leave,
etc. (1)
In which one of the following sectors is ‘A’ working?
(a) Primary sector
(b) Non-Government sector
(c) Organised sector
(d) Unorganised sector
Answer:
(c) Organised sector
Section B
Section B consists of 4 questions of 2 marks each
Question 21.
Study the map thoroughly and mention about any one major irrigation dam which is located in thc highlighted Indian state. (2)
Answer:
Bhakra Nangal Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Satluj river in Bhakra village in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh.
Question 22.
How the Rowlatt Act affected the National Movement? (2)
Or
Explain the role of Ambedkar in uplifting the dalits or the depressed classes.
Answer:
The Rowlatt Act affected the National Movement, as the Indians disapproved this act, in the following ways Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops and shops were closed down.
British administration suppressed the nationalists. As a result, local leaders were picketed up from Amritsar and Mahatma Gandhi was banned from entering Delhi
Or
The role of Ambedkar in uplifting the Dalit or the depressed classes was as follows
(i) Dr BR Ambedkar joined active politics in 1930 and organised the Depressed Classes Association to uplift the Dalits.
(ii) He demanded separate electorates for Dalits and reservation of seats in educational institutions for them.
Question 23.
What do you understand by the term investment? Name a few companies which make foreign investments. (1+1)
Answer:
The money that is spent to buy assets such as land, buildings, machines and other equipment is called investment.
The companies which make foreign investments in India are Nike, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Honda, Nokia, Tata Motors. Infosys, Ranbaxy. Asian Paints, etc.
Question 24.
When was the Communist Party of India founded? What were its ideologies? (1+1)
Answer:
The Communist Party of India (CPI) was formed in 1925.
- its ideologies are
- It believes in Marxism, Leninism, secularism, and democracy.
- It opposed the forces of secessionism and communalism.
Section C
Section C consists of 5 questions of 3 marks each
Question 25.
Raj is a student of Class X. He often get confused about the difference between primitive subsistence farming and intensive
subsistence farming. Write three points of difference between primitive subsistence farming and intensive subsistence farming.
(3)
Answer:
Three points of difference between primitive subsistence farming and intensive subsistence farming are as follows
Primitive Subsistence Farming | Intensive Subsistence Farming |
This type of farming is done on very small patches of land. | In this type of farming, the land holdings are comparatively bigger. |
In this type of farming, primitive tools like hoe digging sticks are used for cultivation. | In this type of farming. modern agricultural inputs like chemical fertilisers, HYV seeds. machines are used wtierever suitable. |
This agriculture is dependent on rainfall and natural fertility of the soil. | In this type of farming. means of irrigation like tubewells, canals are used Soil fertility is also increased by the use of fertilisers. |
Question 26.
Explain the effects of worldwide economic depression on India, towards late 1920’s.(3)
Answer:
The effects of worldwide economic depression on India, towards late 1920s were
The depression immediately affected Indian trade. Indians exports and imports nearly came to half between 1928 and 1934.
Between 1928 and 1934, wheat prices fell by 50%. The fall in prices had a deep impact on pool farmers. Though agricultural prices fell sharply but the colonial government refused to give any relief to the farmers in taxes.
The unrest created the great depression, provided an opportunity to Mahatma Gandhi to Launch the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1931.
Question 27.
How can we say that globalisation has been advantageous to consumers as well as the producers? Give reasons. (3)
Answer:
We can say that globalisation has been advantageous to both consumers as well as the producers due to the following reasons
Globalisation has led to an intense increase in industrial competition. As a result, producers are competing over each other to provide better and cheaper services to the consumers. This has also resulted in reduction of the prices.
With the initiation of globalisation, producers now have actively free access to international markets. Also. they can avail more easily the credit facilities forwarded in terms of capita’ and technology. Like for instance in case of electronics goods and garments industry.
Consumers have more chances of goods and services as compared to earlier times especially in modern digital technological equipments like cell phones, cameras, etc.
Question 28.
The following table shows thc proportion of adults (15-49 years) whose BMI is below normal (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) in India. It is
based on a survey of various states for the year 2015-16. Look at the table and answer the following questions. (1+2)
State | Male (%) | Female (%) |
Kerala | 8.5 | 10 |
Karnataka | 17 | 21 |
Madhya Pradesh | 28 | 28 |
All States | 20 | 23 |
(i) Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.
(ii) Can you guess why around one-fifth of people in the country are undernourished even though it is argued that there is
enough food in the country? Describe in your own words.
Answer:
(i) Kerala has less percentage of people who are undernourished as compared to Madhya Pradesh. This means people are able to fulfill their food requirements.
(ii) There is enough food in the country but even then one fifth of the people in the country are undernourished because of the following reasons
- There is a lack of educational and health facilities in many parts of the country. So. many people remain backward and poo and they are unable to get nutritious food.
- In most of the states, the Public Distribution System (PDS) does not function properly arid the poor people cannot get food items at cheap rates so they remain undernourished.
Question 29.
Evaluate the various impacts of First World War on the economy of Britain. (3)
Or
Do you agree that agriculture in India takes place in the unorganised sector? Give three points. (3)
Answer:
The impact of First World War on Britain’s economy were as follows
(i) Britain which was a leading economy of the world before the First World War faced a prolonged crisis. While Britain was preoccupied with war, industries had developed in Japan and India. After the war, Britain found it difficult to recapture its earlier position.
(ii) Britain has borrowed liberal’y from the USA for its war time expenditure, thus at the end of the war, Britain was burdened with huge external debt.
(iii) After the war, production in Britain contracted which led to huge job losses. In 1921, one in every five British workers was out of work. Anxiety and uncertainty about work became an enduring part of the post-war time.
Or
Yes, Indian agriculture is mostly concentrated in the unorganised sector. This is justified through the following points
(i) Agriculture in India faces the problem of disguised un employment which means more number of people are employed than actually needed So this shows that agriculture is unorganised.
(ii) Farmers are employed during harvesting and sowing season while rest of time they are unemployed, So, the problem of underemployment shows that agriculture is unorganised.
(iii) Most of the farmers depend on moneylenders. rich farmers and relatives for taking loans instead of banks. Then they have to pay high interest, this means that agriculture in India is unorganised sector.
Section D
Section D consists of 4 questions of 5 marks each
Question 30.
“Dalit participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience Movement.” Examine the statement. (5)
Or
How did plantation workers in Assam had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of Swaraj? Explain. (5)
Answer:
Dalit participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience Movement. It was due to the following reasons
Dalits or untouchables belong to the lower strata of our society, The Congress Party ignored the Dalits for fear of offending the conservative high caste Hindus, i.e. Sanatanis, Gandhiji first realised that Swaraj would not come for a hundred years if untouchability was not eliminated. But, many Dalit leaders believed in a different political solutions to the problem of their
community.
They thought that only political empowerment would resolve their problems of social disabilities. So. they began organising themselves, demanding reserve seats in educational institutions and a separate electorate that would choose their Dalit members for Legislative Councils. Dr BR Ambedkar demanded separate electorate for Dalits which was denied by Gandhiji.
Dalit Movement continued to be apprehensive of the Congress-led National Movement and Their participation was ‘limited. Thus, it can be concluded that Dalit participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Or
The plantation workers in Assam had understood the notion of Swaraj in the following ways
(i) For plantation workers in Assam freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed.
(ii) Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859. plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission.
(iii) Swaraj for them meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come.
(iv) When they heard of Movement thousands of their authorities, left the Non-Cooperation workers refused to obey plantations and headed home.
(v) They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own village.
Question 31.
What are better public facilities? Explain any four public facilities. (1+ 4)
Or
Elucidate the significance of secondary sector in Indian economy. (5)
Answer:
Public facilities are the facilities provided by the government either free of cost or at very low price for the welfare of the people like schools, health centres, public transports, etc. The importance of these facilities is to make these available for everyone to use.
Four major facilities are as follows
- Basic Education Government provides schools and other educational facilities like chairs, books, etc to be used by the public. But, their use and performance are depended on collective response and community cooperation.
- Basic Health Facilities Government provides hospitals and vaccine programmes to maintain proper health.
- Law and Order Facility/Security It is the duty of the government to ensure law and order and provide security in order to maintain peace in the country.
- Provide Public Distribution System (PDS) Government opens PDS shops or ration shops through which it supplies basic food items like rice, wheat, pulses, etc at very low prices/ subsidised rate to the tower income group or poor people
Or
The significance of secondary sector in Indian economy are as follows
Secondary sector involves the industrial production. Industrial activities utilise the materials produced in the primary sector. In the process, it creates massive employment of various scales. It also induces service sector like transport, market, etc to flourish. As all the sectors of economy are interdependent, secondary sector has a great contribution for the sustainance and growth of other sectors.
Secondary sector induces growth and productivity to primary sector and helps in flourishing of teiliary sector,
- It produces instruments and appliances that directly help primary sector for better production.
- It absorbs excess labour from the primary sector and reduces disguised unemployment.
- It also contributes significantly to the GDP of India and employment basket.
Question 32.
Do you think that political parties are necessary for democracy? Give reasons. 5)
Or
“Political parties are rightly called the government in disguise.” Justify the statement with reference to democratic politics by four arguments. (5)
Answer:
It is not possible for modern democracy to exist without political parties. The necessity of a political party in democracy can be explained in the following ways If every elected representative is independent, which means he or she is not attached with a political party, then he/she will not make promise for any major policy changes. The government may be formed but its utility will remain uncertain. Non-party based Panchayat elections also face the same problem The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracies. As society becomes larger and complicated, they also need some agency to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the government. Political parties inform the people about the workings of the ruling party. They talk about the problems of the state, the working, and failure of the government and give suggestion for the upliftment of masses, Thus political party acts as a link between government and masses.
or
Political parties are rightly called the government in disguise. The four arguments in reference to the statement are
(i) In most democracies, elections are fought among the candidates put up by political parties. The party which wins the majority forms the government. In a parliamentary system. the leader of the party in power becomes the Prime Minister and he appoints the other ministers.
(ii) In a democracy, a large number of similar opinions have to be grouped together to provide a direction in which policies can be formulated by the government. Political party reduces a vast multitude of opinions into a few basic positions and if it is ruling party, government accepts the line taken by it.
(iii) Political parties raise and highlight issues. Often they shape public opinion. There are always some socio-economic and political issues at the domestic and international level. Political parties always try to tackle the issues.
(iv) The parties which play the role of opposition in government always criticise government for its wrong policies. Opposition parties mobilise opposition to the government.
Question 33.
Briefly discuss the resources based on ownership. (5)
Or
Write down the features of alluvial soil with respect to its lormation, area classification and inclusion of minerals. (5)
Answer:
Resources on the basis of ownership means who owns the resources. It can be a person, a group, a community or a country.
Classification of resources is tabulated below
Class of Resource | Explanation | Examples |
individual | Resources owned by individuals | Plot of land, house. |
Community | Resources accessible to all members of the community. | Public parks, burial grounds. |
National | Resources owned by the government and its agencies within its political boundaries and territorial waters. | Roads, railways, water resources, forests, wildlife |
International | Oceanic resources beyond the exclusive economic zone of countries and those in polar regions minerals in which are regulated by Antarctica international institutions. | Fisheries in international waters, minerals in Antractica |
Or
The features of alluvial soil are as follows
Formation Alluvial soil is made-up of silt, sand and clay. It is deposited by three important Himalayan river systems-the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. It is bigger and coarser in the upper reaches of the river and becomes finer as the river
flows down.
Distribution/Area This soil is prevalent in the river valleys of the Northern plains (Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra), strips in Gujarat and Rajasthan. as well as in the Eastern coastal plains in the deltas of rivers of the Peninsular plateau (Mahanadi, Krishna,
Kaveri).
Classification According to their age, alluvial soil can be classified as (Bangar) old alluvial and Khadar (new alluvial). Khadar has higher concentration of Kankar and contains more tine particles than Bangar.
Nutrients/Minerals This soil is rich in nutrients like potash, phosphoric acid, and lime, which is suitable for growing paddy, wheat, sugarcane, and other cereal and pulse crops.
Section E
Section E consists of 3 Case-based questions of 4 marks each
Question 34.
Read the given extract and answer the following questions.
Communalism becomes more acute when religion is expressed in politics in exclusive and partisan terms when one religion and its followers are pitted against another. This happens when beliefs of one religion are presented as superior to those of other religions, when the demands of one religious group are formed in opposition to another, and when state power is used to
establish domination of one religious group over the rest. This manner of using religion in politics is communal politics.
Communal politics is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social community. Communalism involves
thinking along the following lines. The followers of a particular religion must belong to one community. Their Fundamental interests are the same. Any difference that they may have is irrelevant or trivial for community life. It also follows that people who follow different religions cannot belong to the same social community. If the followers of different, religion have some commonalities these are superficial and immaterial. Their interests are bound to be different and involve a conflict. In its extreme form communalism leads to the belief that people belonging to different religions cannot live as equal citizens within one nation.
Either, one of them has to dominate the rest or they have to form different nations. This belief is fundamentally flawed. People of one religion do not have the same interests and aspirations in every context. Everyone has several other roles, positions and
identities. There are many voices inside every community. All these voices have a right to be heard. Therefore, any attempt to bring all followers of one religion together in context other than religion is bound to suppress many voices within that community.
(i) State the circumstances due to which communalism happen in our society’ (1)
(ii) What are the consequences faced when the followers of different religion have some commonalities? (1)
(iii) When does a communal politics is able to suppress many voices within same community? (2)
Answer:
(i) When state power is used to establish domination of one religious group over the rest of the groups and the demands of one religious group are formed in opposition to anothe communalism happens at that time.
(ii) If the followers of different religions have some commonalities then, these will be superficial and immaterial from the stand point of communalism. Their interests should be different according to the believers of communal politics.
(iii) Communal politics is able to suppress many voices within the same community when people of same religion do not have the same interests and aspirations and any attempt is made to bring all followers of same religion together.
Question 35.
Read the given extract and answer the following questions.
The distribution pattern of the Railway network in the country has been largely influenced by Physiographic, economic, and
administrative factors. The Northern plains with their vast level land, high population density, and rich agricultural resources
provided the most favorable conditions for their growth. However, a large number of rivers requiring construction of bridges
across their wide beds posed some obstacles, in the hills’ terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracts arc laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels.
The Himalayan mountainous regions too are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse
population and lack of economic opportunities. Likewise, it was difficult to lay railway lines on the sandy plain of Western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Jharkhand. The contiguous stretch of Sahyadri could be crossed only through gaps or passes (Ghats).
In recent times, the development of the Konkan railway along the West coast has facilitated the movement of passengers and
goods in this most important economic region of India. It has also faced a number of problem such as sinking of track in some
stretches and landslides.
Today, the railways have become more important in our National economy than all other rncans of transport put together.
However, rail transport suffers from certain problems as well. Many passengers travel without tickets. Thefts and damaging of
railway property has not yet stopped completely. People stop the trains, pull the chain unnecessarily and this causes heavy
damage to the railway.
(i) State the factors which influence the railway network in India. (1)
(ii) Constructing the railways in the Peninsular region, Himalayan region, Rajasthan and Gujarat is a diflicult task.
State any two reasons which are responsible behind this. (2)
(iii) Railways are important part of our national economy, but still it is facing a number of problems. State any two
reasons behind this.
Answer:
(i) Factors which are largely responsible to influence the railway network in India are physiographic. economic and administrative factors.
(ii) It is difficult to construct railway lines in the Peninsular region, Himalayan region. Rajasthan and Gujarat. The reasons for this are The Peninsular region and the Himalayan region are hilly and mountainous regions. Peninsular region has undulating topography where railway tracts are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels. On the other hand, the Himalayas have high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities. Rajasthan has sandy plains and Gujarat has swampy lands thus, to construct railway lines there is a difficult task.
(iii) It is true that railways have become more important in our national economy, but still this transport is facing a number of problems.
The reasons for this are
- Many passengers travel by trains without tickets.
- This incurs heavy loss of rail budget.
- People stop the trains, pull the chain unnecessarily and this causes heavy damage to the railway.
Question 36.
Read the given extract and answer the following questions.
However, for comparison between countries, total income is not such an useful mcasure. Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. Hence, we compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population. The average income is also called Per Capita Income.
In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, this Criterion is used in classifying countries. Countries with Per Capita Income of US $ 12,056 per annum and above in 2017, are called rich countries and those with her capita income of US $ 955 or less are called Low-income countries. India comes in the category of low-middle-income countries because its Per capita income in 2017 was just US $ 1820 per annum. The rich countries, excluding countries of Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.
(i) Which factors are not considered while calculating total income? What is the significance of classification of countries by the World Bank? (1+ 1)
(ii) World Development Report has categorised the India as low middle-income country. Do you agree with the results of this
report. (2)
Answer:
(i) The total income calculates the sum total of income earned only. It do not considers the total number of population into whch that income is divided. Classification of countries by the World Bank is a way to know how many countries fall in rich, middle and low income groups. With this information, the World Bank terms the countries as developed or developing.
(ii) Yes, World Development Report on categorising India as low middle-income country is correct because India’s per capita income is much lower than the income of developed countries like US, At the same time, the per capita income of India is higher than low income countries. Therefore. India’s category as a low-middle-income country is correct.
Section F
Section F consists of Map based questions of 5 marks
Question 37.
(a) Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline map of India. Identify them on the map and write their correct names on the line drawn near them. (2)
A. Jallianwala Bagh Incident
B. Calling of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
(b) On the same outline map of India, locate and label any three of the following with suitable symbols. (3)
(i) Nanirup Thermal Power Plant
(ii) Gandhinagar Software Technology Park
(iii) Tungabhadra dam
(iv) An International Airport in Delhi NCR
Answer: