Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science with Solutions Set 3 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 3 with Solutions
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions
-
- Question paper comprises five Sections – A, B, C, D, and E. There are 37 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
- Section A – From question 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
- Section B – Question no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words.
- Section C contains Q. 25 to Q.29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
- Section D – Question no. 30 to 33 are long answer type questions, carrying S marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
- Section-E – Questions no. from 34 to 36 are case-based questions with three sub-questions arid are of 4 marks each.
- Section F – Question no. 37 is map-based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37a from History (2 marks) and 37b from Geography (3 marks).
- There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
- In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
Section A
Section A consists of 20 questions of 1 mark each
Question 1.
Identify the reason why Otto von Bismarck is considered as the chief architect of German Unification. (1)
(a) He granted autonomy to Prussia with conservatives.
(b) He allianced with Italy and France for the unification process.
(c) He carried out the nation-building process with the army and bureaucracy.
(d) He carried along with Liberalist and Romantic scholars for cultural movement.
Answer:
(c) He carried out the nation-building process with the army and bureaucracy.
Question 2.
Which among the following was incorporated in England with the Act of Union 1707? (1)
(a) Scotland
(b) Northern Ireland
(c) Wales
(d) Ireland
Answer:
(a) Scotland
Question 3.
Read the given data and information carefully and select the appropriate option from the following. (1)
No. of Workers | Income | |
Organised Sector | 4,00,000 | 32,000 million |
Unorganised Sector | 10,00,000 | 28,000 million |
Total | 14,00,000 | 60,000 million |
The number of employee in unorganised sector is more than organised sector. In unorganised sector, less resources are used
to generate large number of employees. Find out the ways for generating more employment in the city rather than in unorganised sector by the government.
(a) Providing cheap agricultural credit
(b) Increasing vocational education courses
(c) Investing money in transportation
(d) Providing work incentives
Answer:
(a) Providing cheap agricultural credit
Question 4.
Identify the soil with the help of clues given below. (1)
It is found in the Deccan trap and is made up of lava flows.
It develops deep cracks during the hot summer, which develops in aeration of the soil.
(a) Forest soil
(b) Black soil
(c) Latente soil
(d) Yellow soil
Answer:
(b) Black soil
Question 5.
Why should an individual be worried about underemployment? Identify the reason by choosing a correct option. (1)
I. It reduces the earning capacity of a person.
II. It results in poor standard of living.
III. It leads to poverty.
IV. It helps in human development.
Codes
(a) Only I
(b) Both II and III
(c) I, II and III
(d) Only IV
Answer:
(c) I, II and III
Question 6.
Fill in the blanks. (1)
Event | Year |
Mahatma Gandhi returned to India | 1915 |
Khilafat Committee formed | ? |
(a) 1919
(b) 1918
(c) 1917
(d) 1929
Answer:
(a) 1919
Question 7.
Consider the following statements on Zila Parishad and select the answer using the codes given below. (1)
I. Zila Parishad is the lowest tier of the Panchayati Raj System.
II. Zila Parishad coordinates the activities of all the Block Samitis.
III. Most members of the Zila Parishad are elected.
IV. The Zila Parishad Chairperson is the political head of the Zila Parishad.
Select the correct option.
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) I, III and IV
(d) II, III and IV
Answer:
(d) II, III and IV
Question 8.
There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes given below. (1)
Assertion (A) Rabi crops are sown at the start of the winter and harvested in spring.
Reason (R) Rabi crops are grown in Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, etc.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Question 9.
Which of the following options are correct about Napoleon? (1)
I. He introduced Napoleonic Code.
II. He promoted democracy in France.
III. He made the administrative system more rational and efficient.
IV. The Napoleonic Code was exported to all the regions under French control.
Codes
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) I, III and IV
(d) III and IV
Answer:
(c) I, III and IV
Question 10.
As a citizen of a country with a democratic form of government, what measure would effectively ensure power-sharing and prevent any branch of government from having absolute power? Which of the following measures would best meet this goal? (1)
(a) Central Government holds all power and has ultimate authority in all matters.
(b) Power is divided between Central Government and State/Provincial Governments, with each level having its own distinct areas of influence.
(c) The power of government are separated into Legislative, Executive and Judicial branches, each with distinct responsibilities and authority.
(d) Power is shared among multiple levels of government, with each level possessing some degree of independent decision-making power.
Answer:
(c) Power is separated among the Legislative, Executive and Judicial branches with each branch having its own responsibilities and powers.
Question 11.
The Constitution declared India as a Union of States. The Indian Union is based on the principles of federalism. What does the
given image reflects? (1)
(a) It shows the supreme authority of State Governments.
(b) It shows Central Government is undermining the spirit of federalism.
(c) It shows inequality in the distribution of powers.
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) It shows Central Government is undermining the spirit of federalism.
Question 12.
The following symbol “crown of oak leaves”, represents which of the following qualities? (1)
(a) Freedom
(b) Shows readiness to flight
(c) Willingness to make peace
(d) Heroism
Answer:
(d) Heroism
Question 13.
Credit (loan) refers to an agreement in which the lender supplies the borrower with money, goods or services in return for the
promise of …………………… . (1)
(a) future payment
(b) payment made
(c) no payment
(d) collateral
Answer:
(a) future payment
Question 14.
Arrange the following events in chronological order. (1)
I. Paper reached Europe from China
II. Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand-printing technology into Japan
III. Marco Polo brought Woodblock printing technology into Europe from China
IV. Printing is done in China by rubbing paper against the inked surface of wooden blocks
Codes
(a) IV, II, III, I
(b) IV, II, I, III
(c) III, H, IV, I
(d) II, Ill, I, IV
Answer:
(b) IV, II, I, III
Question 15.
A transport union announced a strike, causing lorries to refuse to transport produce such as vegetables and milk from rural areas to urban areas. As a result, food become scarce in urban areas and farmers were unable to sell their products. Which sectors were affected by the transport union’s strike? (1)
(a) Primary and secondary
(b) Secondary and tertiary
(c) Tertiary, primary and secondary
(d) Tertiary and primary
Answer:
(c) Tertiary, primary and secondary
Question 16.
“M gave his friend clues to identify the ideal type of soil for growing cotton. Which of the following clues provided by “M” would be the most useful in identifying the ideal type of soil for cotton cultivation? (1)
Clues
I. It is well-known for its capacity to hold moisture.
II. It turns yellow when it is hydrated.
III. It is rich in phosphoric content.
IV It is a well-drained loamy soil.
(a) Clue I
(b) Clue I and III
(c) Clue I and II
(d) Cluc IV
Answer:
(a) Clue I
Question 17.
If there is a conflict in the laws made for the subjects in the Concurrent List, then the decision made by ………………. will prevail. (1)
(a) State Government
(b) Union Government
(c) President
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(b) Union Government
Question 18.
Eliminating government-set restrictions or barriers is known as ……………………. . (1)
(a) free trade
(b) favourable trade
(c) investment
(d) liberalisation
Answer:
(d) liberalisation
Question 19.
In dealing with social divisions which one of the following statements is not correct about democracy? (1)
Statement I Due to political competition in a democracy, social divisions get reflected in politics.
Statement II in a democracy, it is possible for communities to voice their grievances in a peaceful manner.
Statement III Democracy is the best way to accommodate social diversity.
Statement IV Democracy always leads to the disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions.
Codes
(a) Statements I and II are incorrect
(b) Statements I, II and III are incorrect
(c) Statement III is incorrect
(d) Only statement IV is incorrect
Answer:
(d) Democracy always leads to the disintegration of society on the basis social divisions.
Question 20.
There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes given below. (1)
Assertion (A) Political parties play a major role in making laws for the country.
Reason (R) No law can become a bill unless majority parties support it.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Section B
Section B consists of 4 questions of 2 marks each
Question 21.
Study the political map of India and name the sea port and its location which is marked in the highlighted India state. (2)
Answer:
Paradip Port is a natural, deep-water port on the East coast. It is located in the district of Jagatsinghapur in Odisha. It is at the confluence of the Mahanadi river and the Bay of Bengal.
Question 22.
How do money and muscle power play an important role in elections? Explain. (2)
Answer:
Money and muscle power play an important role in elections in the following ways
Role of money and muscle power in parties especially during elections is growing.
Parties tend to nominate those candidates who have or can raise money.
Or
What is meant by ‘regional political party’? State the conditions required to be recognised as a ‘regional political party’. (1+1) (2)
Answer:
A regional political party is a political party that operates its political functions within a small geographic area.
Conditions requwed for a party to be recognised as a regional political party are
A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a state.
Wins at least two seats in the Legislative Assembly.
Question 23.
Why was Non-Cooperation Movement started in 1920? (2)
Answer:
- Non-Cooperation Movement was started by Gandhiji in 1920 because
- Gandhiji saw this movement as opportunity to unite Muslims and Hindus.
- He wanted a solution on Khilafat issue.
- The most important objective of this movement was the attainment of Swaraj.
Question 24.
Rohit owns a local company which carries out joint production with a multi-national company. Write any two benefits which a
local company expects from joint production with a multi-national company. (2)
Answer:
Two benefits that a local company expects from joint production with a multi-national company are
(i) To provide money for additional investments like buying new machines for faster production.
(ii) To bring with them the latest technology for production.
Section C
Section C consists of 5 questions of 3 marks each
Question 25.
Distinguish between renewable and non-renewable resources. (1+2=3)
Answer:
The difference between renewable and non-renewable resources are
Renewable Resources | Non-renewable Resources |
Renewable resources are those that can be replenished or within a relatively short typically taking millions of human lifetime or less. | Non-renewable resources are finite in nature and cannot be replenished regenerated naturally within a short time frame, period, often within a years to form. |
They are practically inexhaustible or have a sustainable supply. | They exist in limited quantities and can be depleted over time. |
Renewable resources are replenished through natural processes or human interventions, ensuring their continuous availability. | Non-renewable resources are formed through geological processes over long periods, and their formation rate is much slower than their extraction rate. |
Question 26.
Analyse the impact of Jallianwala Bagh incident. (3)
Or
Identify any three local issues in which Gandhiji experimented his technique during the years 1917-1918.
Answer:
The impacts of Jallianwala Bagh incident were As the news of Jallianwala Bagh incident spread, crowd took to the streets in many North Indian towns. There were strikes, clashes with the police and attack on government buildings.
Indian leaders and people realised the need to launch a more broad based movement in India.
Jallianwala Bagh incident had a far reaching impact on the people’s minds and the way they look at the British.
Or
Three local issues in Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad made Gandhiji to experiment his technique of satyagraha during the years 1917- 1918. This can be explained in the following ways
(i) Champaran Satyagraha In the first experiment, to encourage Indigo farmers to raise their voice against the oppressive policies of the British (1917), Gandhiji travelled to Champaran.
(ii) Kheda Satyagraha The second experiment was for the farmers who were unable to pay the revenue because of famine and plague. The peasants demanded relaxation in revenue collection (1917) under the leadership of Gandhiji.
(iii) Ahmedabad Satyagraha The third experiment was for the mill workers who were protesting for better wages in Ahmedabad. In 1918, Gandhij went to Ahmedabad to organise Satyagraha Movement amongst cotton mill workers.
Question 27.
In which sector metropolitan cities provide employment opportunities? State any two reasons due to which this sector is gaining importance. (1+2)
Answer:
Metropolitan cities provide employment opportunities in tertiary sector. Two reasons due to which this sector is gaining
importance are as follows
- The tertiary sector provides essential services like banking, health care and education which are more demanded in urban areas.
- Developments in agriculture and industry have led to requirement of services like transport, storage, trade, etc which come under tertiary sector. These are well-developed in cities.
Question 28.
discuss about the establishment of Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) that led to the true beginning of globalisation. (3)
Answer:
Multi-national corporations (MNCs) are large companies that operate in several countries at the same time. In the middle of the 20th century, MNCs emerged on the world map. These spread all over the world during the 1950s and 1960s.
Gradually, MNCs set up offiœs and factories for production in regions where they could get cheap skilled and unskilled labour, at locations close to the market and other required resources. It ensured them a low cost of production and high profit. From the late 1970s, MNCs began to shift production operations to low-wage Asian countries. This step increased the job opportunities in the Asian countries.
The establishment of new MNCs gave the consumers the opportunity to enjoy new varieties of products. The relocation of industries stimulated world trade and capital flow. Thus, MNCs proved to be a great help for the true beginning of globalisation.
Question 29.
‘Road transport in India is not competitive but complementary to railways.” Justify the statement by giving three points. (3)
Answer:
Road transport in India is not competitive but it provides complementary to railways in the following ways
- Door-to-Door Service Road transportation increases the reach of railways by providing the finar links from the railhead to the final destination, i.e. giving door-to-door service.
- Loading and Unloading Anywhere Railways can stop only at specific destinatïons where loading and unloading facilities are available, but vehicles on the road can be loaded or unloaded virtually anywhere.
- Speed of Transportation Bulky and non-perishable goods are transported by railways over long distances and take longer time, whereas perishable goods can be transported through road transport in shorter time.
Section D
Section D consists of 4 questions of 5 marks each
Question 30.
What problems were faced by cotton Industry in the 19th-century India? (5)
Or
How did the abundance of labour in the market affect the lives of the workers in the 19th-century, Europe?
Answer:
- The Indian cotton weavers faced many problems in the 19th century. These were
- Their export collapsed.
- The local market shrank being flooded by the Manchester imports produced by machines at lower costs, the Manchester cotton goods were so cheap that they attracted the buyers and the Indian textiles could not compete with them.
By 1860, Indian weavers faced a new problem. They could not get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality. This happened because a civil war had broken out in America and the cotton suppliers from the US to Britain were cut off and Britain turned to India. As raw cotton at a very high price, so weaving did not remain profitable.
Factories in India also produced goods at a mass scale which flooded the Indian markets. Thus, the Indian weavers faced a tough time and it became difficult to survive.
or
The abundance of labour in the market affected the lives of workers in the following ways
(i) When the news of possible jobs spread to the countryside, hundred carne to the cities. However the possibility of getting job dependent on friends and acquaintances. Many job-seekers had to wait for weeks. spending nights under the bridges or in
night shelters.
(ii) Seasonality of works in many industries meant prolonged period without work. After the busy season was over, the poor were unemployed again.
(iii) The income of the workers did not depend on the wage rate alone. There were ong periods of unemployment The number of days of work determined the average income of workers.
(iv) The fear of unemployment made workers hostile to the new technology. When Spinning Jenny was introduced in the woollen industry, they began attacking the new machine.
Question 31.
Analyse why the Lahore Session of Congress presided by Nehru, holds a special significance in freedom struggle.
Or
Who formed Khilafat Committee? How did Gandhiji saw Khilafat Movement as an opportunity to unite Hindus and Muslims?
What were the strategies planned to make the movement successful? (1 + 1+3)
Answer:
The Lahore Session of Congress (December 1929) presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru, holds a special significance in freedom struggle because in this session, the newly adopted ‘Tri-colour National Flag, was hoisted and a decision was taken to celebrate
26th January, 1930 as the Independence Day all over India.
Congress under the Presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru took decisions to achieve Complete Independence (Poorna Swaraj).
it was decided to launch Civil Disobedience Movement, if the eleven demands put forward by Congress were not accepted by the government. other specific demands of different classes from industrialists to the peasants were put forward, decision to launch a widespread National Movement was taken if the demands were not accepted.
or
A Khilafat Committee was formed under the leadership of Maulana Azad, Hakim Amal Khan and Hasrat Mohani. Muslim leaders, Muhammad Ah and Shaukat Ahi began discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of a united mass action on the issue.
Gandhij saw this as ‘an opportunity of uniting Hindus and Mohammedans as would not anse in hundred years.’ The Congress passed the resolution in its Calcutta Session n September 1920 to start a satyagraha on the Khilafat issue. To gain maximum success, Mahatma Gandhi proposed a stage by stage strategy implementation for the movement as
The movement had to begin with a surrender of titles, honours and honorary posts by people. It was planned to shun or boycott Civil Services, Army, Police, British Courts and Legislative Assemblies. Schools and Colleges and British goods.
The British goods were to be replaced by domestic goods or Swadeshi to promote the native cottage industries In case of government suppression, Civil Disobedience Movement will be launched.
The Non-Cooperation Movement was adopted by the Congress after a lot of debates during the Nagpur Conference in December 1920. Under Mahatma Gandhi‘s leadership, Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement began in full force.
Question 32.
Describe the division of powers between Central Government and State Governments in India. (5)
Or
Explain the advantages of decentralisation.
Answer:
The division of powers between the Central Government and State Governments in India is done in a three-fard manner. The subjects to be dealt with by the respective governments are grouped under the following three heads as Union List It includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communications and currency. They are included in this list because we need a uniform policy on these matters throughout the country. The Union Government alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the Union List.
State List It contains subjects of state and local importance such as police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation. The State Governments alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the State List.
Concurrent List It includes subjects of common interest to both the Union Government as well as the State Governments, such as education. forest, trade union, marriage, adoption and successionS Both the Union as well as the State Governments can make laws on the subjects mentioned in this list. If their laws conflict with each other, the law made by the Union Government will prevail.
Or
The advantages of decentralisation are
The basic idea behind decentralisation is that there are large number of problems and issues which are best settled at the local level. People have better knowledge of the problems of their own locality. They have better idea on where to spend money and how to manage things efficiently.
Decentralisation makes it possible for the people to directly participate in decision-making. This helps the people to develop a habit to participate in democratic activities. Thus, local government is the best way to realise the significance of local self-government in democracy.
Decentralization reduces the burden of Central and State Governments, It helps to concentrate on matters of national and state importance in a better way.
Decentralisation leads to women’s empowerment as it provides that at least one-third of all positions are reserved for women in all the local bodies.
Question 33.
How can more employment be created in agriculture sector alone? (5)
Or
Why is the tertiary sector becoming more important in India? Explain.
Answer:
The following measures can be taken to increase employment in rural areas.
- Improve irrigation facilities, so that farmers harvest two or three crops in a year. Thus, more people can be employed.
- More clams should be built on rivers so that more water can be provided to small farmers to increase the number of crops grown annually.
- Provide better roads and improve transportation and storage, which will benefit small farmers and many people will be employed in these sectors.
- Alternative employment such as honey collection centres and vegetable and fruit processing units should be set up.
- More cottage industries should be promoted in rural areas with loans and marketing support to boost employment.
Or
The tertiary sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in the Indian economy in the last decade because
- Demand for tertiary sector activities like transport, storage and trade has increased substantially with the development of the primary and secondary sectors.
- Increasing requirement of information, communication and technology has created lot of jobs.
- With increase in the income levels of the people, demand for tourism, shopping, education and other services has increased.
- Liberalisation of the financial environment has boosted faster growth in financial services.
- Basic services of education and healthcare require a large number of people to be engaged in tertiary sector activities.
Section E
Section E consists of 3 Case based questions of 4 marks each
Question 34.
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow. As the news of Jallianwala Bagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many North Indian towns. There were strikes, clashes with the police and attacks on government buildings. The government responded with brutal repression, seeking to humiliate and terrorise people. Satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses on the ground, crawl on the streets and do salaam (salute) to all sahibs; people were flogged and villages (around Gujranwala in Punjab, now in Pakistan) were bombed.
Seeing violence spread, Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement. While the Rowlatt Satyagraha had been a widespread movement, it was still limited mostly to cities and towns. Mahatma Gandhi now felt the need to launch a more broad-based movement in India. But he was certain that no such movement could be organised without bringing the Hindus and Muslims closer together. One way of doing this, he felt, was to take up the Khilafat issue. The First World War had ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. And there were rumours that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman emperor. The
spiritual head of the Islamic world (the Khalifa). To defend the Khalifa’s temporal powers, a Khilafat Committee was formed in
Bombay in March 1919. A young generation of Muslim leaders like the brothers Muhammad All and Shaukat All, began
discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of a united mass action on the issue.
Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified national movement. At the Calcutta Session of the Congress in September 1920, he convinced other leaders of the need to start a Non-Cooperation Movement in support of Khilafat as well as for Swaraj.
(i) What has been the most appropriate reason for launching a more broad-based movement by Gandhiji? (1)
(ii) What was the most strong objective for establishing the Khilaíat Committee in 1919? (1)
(iii) Why was the Khilafat Movement launched and what was it? (2)
Answer:
(i) The most appropriate reason for launching a more broad-based movement by Gandhiji was the limitation of Rowiatt Satyagraha mostly to cities and towns. Gandhiji was of the opinion that no such movement could be organised without bringing the Hindus and Muslims closer together.
(ii) The most strong objective for establishing the Khilafat committee was to protest against the sanctions imposed on the Caliphs and the Ottoman Empire by the Treaty of Sevres after World War.
(iii) The Khilafat Movement was launched by the Khilafat committee to oppose the harsh treaty which was going to be imposed on the spiritual leader on the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East.
The movement was anti-British which provided Gandhi with a Pan-Indian platform for his National Movement.
Question 35.
Read the given extract and answer the following questions.
Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers shifting to water-intensive and commercial
crops. This has great ecological consequences like salinisation of the soil. At the same time, it has transformed the social
landscape i.e., increasing the social gap between the richer landowners and the landless pool As we can see, the dams did
create conflicts between people wanting different uses and benefits from the same water resources.
In Gujarat, the Sabarmati-basin farmers were agitated and almost caused a riot over the higher priority given to water supply in
urban areas, particularly during droughts. Interstate water disputes are also becoming common with regard to sharing the Costs and benefits of the multi-purpose project.
Do you know that the Krishna-Godavari dispute is due to the objections raised by Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh governments? It is regarding the diversion of more water at Kovna by the Maharashtra government for a multi-purpose project. This would reduce downstream flow If their states with adverse consequences for agriculture and industry.
Most of the objections to the projects arose due to their filure to achieve the purposes for which they were built. Ironically, the
dams that were constructed to control floods have triggered floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir. Moreover;the big dams have mostly been unsuccessful in controlling floods at the time of excessive rainfall.
You may have seen or read how the release of water from dams during heavy rains aggravated the flood situation in Maharashtra and Gujarat in 2006. The floods have not only devastated life and property but also caused extensive soil erosion. Sedimentation also meant that the flood plains were deprived of silt, a natural fertiliser, further adding on to the problem of land degradation. It was also observed that the multi-purpose projects induced earthquakes, caused water-borne diseases and pests and pollution resulting from excessive use of water.
(i) Do you agree that farmers are responsible for the salinisation of soil? If yes, why? (1)
(ii) is it true that darns create conflict between people? State any one real life example. (2)
(iii) Is it true that multi-purpose projects are not able to achieve their major objectives? If yes, how? (1)
Answer:
(i) Yes, I agree that farmers are also responsible for salinisation of soil. It is because they switched to water-intensive commercial crops which need more irrigation and cause salinisation of soil.
(ii) It is true that dams create conflicts between people. As from the same water resources, different people ‘want different uses and benefits.
For example, the Krishna-Godavari dispute is due to the objections raised by Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh governments. It is regarding the diversion of more water of Koyna by the Maharashtra government for a multi-purpose project. This reduces downstream flow in their states with adverse consequences for agriculture and industry.
(iii) It is true that multi-purpose projects fail to achieve their aim for which they were built. The dams were constructed to control floods but have triggered floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir. Moreover, the big dams have mostly been unsuccessful in controlling floods at the time of excessive rainfall.
Question 36.
Read the given extract and answer the following questions.
The recent efforts and suggestions in our country to reform political parties and its leaders :
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties. This was done because many elected representatives were indulging in Defection in order to become ministers or for cash rewards. Now, the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties, he or she will lose the seat in the Legislature. This new law has helped bring defection down. At the same time this has made any dissent even more difficult. MPs and MLAs have to accept whatever the party leaders decide. The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals. Now, it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an Affidavit giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him. It should be made mandatory for political parties to give a minimum number of tickets, about one-third, to women candidates.
Similarly, there should be a quota for women in the decision-making bodies of the party. There should be state funding of
elections. The government should give parties money to support their election expenses. This support could be given in kind: petrol, paper, telephone etc. Or it could be given in cash on the basis of the votes secured by the party in the last election.
Explain the meaning of the term ‘Defection’ with reference to political party system of India. Also, evaluate the significance of an Affidavit which is given by the candidate while contesting elections. (1+ 1)
(ii) State any one suggestion which is made to reform the position of women in Indian political party system. What is the
significance of this suggestion? (2)
Answer:
(i) Defection is changing party allegiance (a person’s continued support for a political party) from the party on which a person got elected to a legislative body to a different party.
As per the Supreme’s Court order candidate has to give the details of his property and criminal case report through an Affidavit. Its significance is that it helps the public to decide the suitable candidate to elect.
(ii) Many suggestions are made to reform political parties. Among these one of the most important suggestion is to give at least one-third number of tickets to women candidates. The significance of this suggestion is that it helps women to participate in direct politics and they can raise their voices for their own demands.
Section F
Section F consists of Map based question of 5 marks
Question 37.
(a) Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline map of India. Identify them on the map and write their correct
names on the line drawn near them. (2)
A. A place where Congress session was held in 1928.
B. A place where Congress session was held in 1927.
(b) On the same outline map of India, locate and label any three of the following with suitable symbols. (3)
(i) Hirakud dam
(ii) Tungabhadra dam
(iii) Bhakra Nangal darn
(iv) Salai dam
Answer: