Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions Set 8 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 8 with Solutions
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks : 80
General Instructions:
- The question paper consists of five sections (A, B, C, D and E) with 30 questions in total.
- All questions are compulsory.
- Question numbers 1 – 12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
- Question numbers 13 – 18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50 – 60 words each.
- Question numbers 19 – 23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100 – 120 words each.
There is an internal choice in two of the 4 marks questions. - Question numbers 24 – 26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
- Question numbers 27 – 30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170 – 180 words.
- There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.
Section A (12 Marks)
Question 1.
Which among the following statements about the objectives for the establishment of the European Union is false? (1)
(a) To provide a common foreign policy
(b) Creation of a single currency
(c) Establishment of a common market
(d) Cooperation on justice and home affairs
Answer:
(c) Establishment of a common market
Question 2.
UNICEF has been working in how many countries of the world? (1)
(a) 192
(b) 194
(c) 193
(d) 190
Answer:
(c) 193
Question 3.
Who propounded two-Nation theory? (1)
(a) Muhammad Ah Jinnah
(b) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
(c) Nizam of Hyderabad
(d) Maulana Abul Kamal Azad
Answer:
(a) Muhammad Ah Jinnah
Question 4.
When did coalition government formed by BJP? (1)
(a) 1998 – 1999
(b) 1997 – 1998
(c) 1999 – 2000
(d) 2000 – 2001
Answer:
(a) 1998 – 1999
Question 5.
Which incident favoured fast track establishment of the European Union in 1992? (1)
(a) Emergence of NATO group
(b) Emergence of NAM
(c) Disintegration of Soviet Union
(d) Establishment of Warsaw Pact
Answer:
(c) Disintegration of Soviet Union
Question 6.
Military rule is regarded as the best option in Pakistan because ……………. . (1)
(a) democracy was never developed and encourged in Pakistan
(b) due to strong military influence on the citizens
(c) due to fear and enemity among the citizen
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) democracy was never developed and encourged in Pakistan
Question 7.
Name the party which won 1970s election under Sheikh-Majib-ur-Rahman. (1)
(a) Awami league
(b) Jatiya Party
(c) Bangladesh Nationalist
(d) Bangladesh People’s league
Answer:
(a) Awami league
Question 8.
Indira Gandhi’s elections were declared invalid by Justice Jagmohan Lai Sinha of Allahabad High Court on ………………. . (1)
(a) 12th June, 1975
(b) 12th July, 1975
(c) 12th June, 1974
(d) 12th July, 1974
Answer:
(a) 12th June, 1975
Question 9.
Match the following. (1)
List I | List II |
A. EU | 1. 1967 |
B. ASEAN | 2. 1945 |
C. BRICS | 3. 1985 |
D. SAARC | 4. 2006 |
Codes
Answer:
(a) 2 1 4 3
List I | List II |
A. EU | 2. 1945 |
B. ASEAN | 1. 1967 |
C. BRICS | 4. 2006 |
D. SAARC | 3. 1985 |
Directions (Q. Nos. 10 and 11) In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Question 10.
Assertion (A) : Movement of the people of Hyderabad State against the Nizam’s rule had gathered force and momentum.
Reason (R) : Peasantry and women joined hands against the oppressive rule of the Nizam. (1)
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 11.
Assertion (A) : Migration is the movement of human resources from one state to another due to some particular reasons.
Reason (R) : Poverty in South has prompted large scale migration to North in search of a better life. (1)
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 12.
Arrange the following in a chronological order of their Prime Ministership. (1)
1. Chandrashekhar
2. Narasimha Rao
3. HD Deve Dowda
4. VP Singh Codes
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
(b) 4, 1, 2, 3
(c) 3, 2, 1, 4
(d) 2, 3, 4, 1
Answer:
(b) 4, 1, 2, 3
Section B (12 Marks)
Question 13.
What were the goals on which everyone agreed on the eve of independence? (2)
Answer:
Although, there were many voices and demands during National Movement but there were two goals on which everyone agreed upon. These were
- Our country shall be governed by a democratic government after independence.
- Government will work for the welfare of all, particularly poor and socially disadvantaged groups of society.
Question 14.
What had been government’s approach towards the integration of Princely States? (2)
Answer:
Government’s approach towards the integration of Princely States was based on three considerations
- People of most of the Princely States wanted to be a part of the Indian Union.
- Government was flexible to give autonomy to some regions for accommodating diversity.
- In the back drop of partition, integration and consolidation of territorial boundaries of the country had become highest priority.
Question 15.
What is the relationship between traditional security and co-operation? (2)
Answer:
Traditional security is closely related with co-operation as it recognises the need for co-operation to limit violence. This limit directly relates to both means and ends of the war. It has been universally accepted that countries should go to war for the genuine reasons, say self-defence as to protect other people from genocide.
Question 16.
Describe any two objectives of planning in India. (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
Two objectives of planning in India are
- To ensure optimal utilisations of scarce resources.
- To bring desired socio-economic changes rapidly.
Question 17.
Explain the difference between refugees and migrants. (2)
Answer:
The difference between refugees and migrants are as follows
- Refugees are forced to abandon their homes and move across borders. They went through immense sufferings.
- On the other hand, migrants make a conscious choice to leave their country to seek a better life elsewhere. They plan their own travel and are free to return home at any time.
Question 18.
Describe any two social causes that led to Arab Spring. (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
Following are the two social cause that led to the Arab Spring
- The demand for political freedom and removal of economic inequalities.
- The media and internet made the transmission of information and news throughout the world thereby spreading the movement.
Section C (20 Marks)
Question 19.
Compare the European Union with ASEAN. (4)
Answer:
European Union and ASEAN can be compared basis of on the following points
The European Union
- After the Second World War, the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OECC) established by America, under the Marshall Plan.
- This process of economic integration of European capitalist countries proceeded systematically and the Council of Europe was established in 1949.
ASEAN
- Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established in 1967 by five countries of the region-lndonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand by signing the Bankok Declaration.
- ASEAN countries have adopted the ‘ASEAN Way’ as a form of interaction that is informal, non-confrontationist and cooperative.
Question 20.
Mention the difference between the Capitalist and the Socialist Models of development. (4)
Answer:
Difference between the Capitalist and the Socialist Models of development are
Capitalist Model | Socialist Model |
In this modl, means of production can be owned by the individual which means state ownership is absent here. | The Socialist model favours state ownership of means of production and individual ownership is |
The main motive of this model is to extract maximum profit from the market. | The main motive of this model is the social Welfare of the masses. |
It doesn’t recognise the principle of equality and widens the gap between rich and poor. | It upholds and recognises the principle of equality and seeks to create an egalitarian society. |
Production is carried out on demand and supply basis. | The socialist model is based on mass production with no profit motive. |
Question 21.
Explain any four features of the ideology of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh. (4)
Answer:
The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was formed in 1951.
Its main features are
- The lineage of Bhartiya Jana Sangh can be traced back to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Hindu Mahasabha before independence.
- It was different from other parties in terms of ideology and programmes. It emphasised the idea of one country, one culture and one nation. It believed that the country could become modern, progressive and strong on the basis of Indian culture and traditions.
- The party called for a reunion of India and Pakistan in Akhand Bharat.
- The party was in forefront of the agitation to replace English with Hindi as the official language of India. It was opposed to the granting of concessions to religious and cultural minorities.
Question 22.
Discuss the views against the Emergency given by the critics. (4)
Or
Analyse any three lessons learnt from the Emergency of 1975.
Answer:
Some of the views against the Emergency are discussed below
- Critics of emergency argued that India had history of such movements including freedom movement and also people had the right to protest against government in democracy.
- As Emergency was imposed to curb the law and order situation but on the other hand, the Home Ministry which was monitoring the internal situation of the country did not express any concern about law and order situation in the country.
- Even if some agitations like Bihar and Gujarat had overstepped their limits, there was no need to suspend the democratic functioning of the country.
- Critics also held that Indira Gandhi had misused constitutional provision for saving her personal power instead of saving the country.
Or
The three lessons of Emergency were
(i) Though many observers who thought that India ceased to be democratic during the Emergency but it proved wrong and normal democratic functioning reduced within a short span of time and in this context it is said that it is extremely difficult to do away with democracy in India.
(ii) It highlighted some ambiguities regarding the Emergency provision in the Constitution that have been corrected. Now, ‘internal’ Emergency can be proclaimed only on the grounds of ‘armed rebellion’ and advice to President to proclaim Emergency must be given in writing by the Council of Ministers.
(iii) Emergency made everyone realised the value of the civil liberties. The court too have become active after the Emergency in protecting the civil liberties of the individuals
Question 23.
State the democratic transition in Nepal. How was it viewed by the other parties or organisation in Nepal? (4)
Or
Explain the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka and any two consequences of it.
Answer:
Nepal’s democratic transition is nearly complete as it has experienced a once-in a lifetime event by forming a Constituent Assembly to draft the country’s constitution. Some people in Nepal believed that a nominal monarchy was required for Nepal to maintain its historical past. The Maoist organisations agreed to put their armed struggle on hold. They desired that the Constitution include significant social and economic transformation programmes.
These programmes were opposed by all the SPA’s parties. The Indian Government and its role in Nepal’s future were also viewed with suspicion by the maoists and other political organisations. In the year 2008, Nepal became a democratic republic after abolishing the Monarchy. A new Constitution was adopted by Nepal in 2015.
The democratic setup of Sri Lanka was disturbed by the ethnic conflict among the Sinhalese and Tamil origin people.
The bone of contention was the region of Ceylon which was represented by the majority Sinhala group. They opposed the migration and settlements of Tamilians from India in their region. According to the group, Sri Lanka was only for Sinhala people and not for Tamils. This attitude of Sinhala people led to the establishment of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), a militant organisation, which desired for a separate country.
The consequences of ethic conflict led to the following situations
(i) There was a pressure on the Government of India by the Tamils of Indian origin to intervene in the matter. Hence, the Government of India tried to negotiate with the Government of Sri Lanka on Tamil’s question. But direct involvement was in the year 1987. India conceded to sent troops to Sri Lanka for the preservation of relations between Tamils and Sri Lankan Government. Eventually, the Indian troops got into a fight with LTTE.
(ii) The presence of Indian troops was not liked by many Sri Lankans and hence, in 1989, the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) pulled out of Sri Lanka without attaining its objective.
Section D (12 Marks)
Question 24.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow. (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)
By 2011, the UN had 193 member states. These included almost all independent states. In the UN General Assembly, all members have one vote each. In the UN Security Council, there are five permanent members. These are the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France and China.
These states were selected as permanent members as they were the most powerful immediately after the Second World War and they constituted the victory in the war.
(i) How many votes are given to each member of the General Assembly?
(a) Two
(b) One
(c) Zero
(d) None
Answer:
(b) One
(ii) Which among the following state joined the UN before 2011?
(a) Vietnam
(b) Iraq
(c) South Sudan
(d) Japan
Answer:
(c) South Sudan
(iii) Why only some states are part of permanent membership in the UN Security Council?
(a) Because these states were independent at the time of Second World War.
(b) Because the countries emerged Victorians and powerful after the Second World War.
(c) Because these countries were colonial powers.
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Because the countries emerged Victorians and powerful after the Second World War.
(iv) Wars and Peace differences between member states of US are discussed in ……………… and ……….. .
(a) General Assembly
(b) Security Council
(c) WHO
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Question 25.
In the given outline political map of India, four states have been marked as (A), (B) (C) and (D). Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with respective serial numbers of the information used and the concerned alphabets as per the format that follows.
(i) Mark the state to which Jayprakash Narayan belongs.
(ii) The state where Sarojini Naidu became the first Governor.
(iii) Mark the state which was the birth place of Mahatma Gandhi.
(iv) Mark the state where ‘Dravadian Movement’ took place.
Sr. No. of the Information Used | Alphabet Concerned | Name of the State |
(i) | ||
(ii) | ||
(iii) | ||
(iv) |
Answer:
Sr. No. of the Information Used | Alphabet Concerned | Name of the State |
(i) | B | Bihar |
(ii) | A | Uttar Pradesh |
(iii) | D | Gujarat |
(iv) | C | Tamil Nadu |
Question 26.
Study the given cartoon and answer the questions that follow. (1 + 1 + 2 = 4)
(i) On what does the cartoon comment?
Answer:
The cartoon comments on the scenarios due to globalisation.
(ii) What does the cartoon depicts?
Answer:
The cartoon depicts the economic consequences of globalisation.
(iii) What message does the title ‘Today’ convey?
Answer:
The title ‘Today’ convey the impact of a globalisation in form of brain drain.
Section E (24 Marks)
Question 27.
Discuss the relationship between India and USA in the changing world order. (6)
Or
Analyse India’s role in the Non-Aligned Movement.
Answer:
India’s relationship with the US on several issues has strengthened in the changing world order. This can be reflected in the following
- The US is the third-biggest source for Foreign Direct Investment into India.
- India-US relations have become increasingly multi-faceted, covering cooperation in areas such as trade, defence and security, education, science and technology, civil nuclear energy, space technology and applications, environment and health.
- Trade and economic partnership between the US and India have been a key component of the bilateral relationship. For instance, US Financial and Economic Partnership to strengthen bilateral engagement on macroeconomic, financial and investment-related issues were launched in April 2010.
- The bilateral Strategic Energy Partnership was launched in April, 2018 under which India has started importing crude and LNG from the US. Now, the US is India’s sixth-largest source of crude oil imports and hydrocarbons.
- Inclusion of India and South Asia in the US Maritime Security Initiative are some of the significant initiatives which help to strengthen the Indo-US relations.
Or
Non-Alignment was a consistent feature of Indian Foreign Policy by the late 1940s and it enjoyed strong support among the Indian elite. We can understand the role of India in Non-Aligned Movement as follows
- The movement had its origins in the 1947 in New Delhi and the 1955 Asian African Conference in Bandung, Indonesia.
- In Egypt, Lai Bahadur Shastri represented India and he put forward certain points for world peace such as border disputes, ban on nuclear weapons, etc.
- In 1980, under Indira Gandhi, NAM focused on the relationship between disarmament and economic development by addressing to the economic grievances of developing countries.
- Through many efforts, India turned NAM into broad-based multi-ethnic and regional movement. Through NAM, India helped the world to shift its focus from the politics of confrontation to cooperation and co-existence.
- India drew the world attention towards disarmament, human rights, NIEO, etc through the Non-Alignment movement.
- India encouraged the freedom struggle in Asian and African countries from colonialism and imperialism. India was also a founding member of the group of fifteen, which were established at the 9th NAM summit in Belgrade in 1989 to facilitate discussion with the industrialised countries.
- India was host to the 4th group of fifteenth summit in March, 1994. At the summit, Prime Minister Narsimha Rao was concerned over new trade barriers raised by the industrialised countries despite the conclusion of a new World Trade Agreement.
Question 28.
“The regional parties have started playing an important role in the Indian political system”. Reflect on the given statement. (6)
Or
Name any three provisions of Article 370 which gives a special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Analyse the two opposite reactions provoked by this special status among the people.
Answer:
India as a democracy has the Multi-Party System which means there are several political parties competing for power. Apart from the primary parties, each state has their own local political parties that rule and compete in their region. Regional parties play following roles in Indian politics
- In absence of clear majority, the largest party has to join hands with a regional party in order to form government. This is where the importance of the regional parties comes into play.
- Most of the regional parties have agenda fitting certain culture dominant within that state.
- The regional parties for their benefits divide the people of different states on the line of language, culture, traditions, etc.
- Sometimes serious issues like India’s Foreign Policy are influenced and compromised by regional parties. This affects India’s credibility in the global front.
- They also work as a pressure group in Indian politics.
- Sometimes regional parties influence the Central Government to divert more annual budget funds to their states at the expense of other states.
Or
The three provisions which reflect special status to Jammu and Kashmir are
- Articles 370 of Indian Constitution gives greater autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir.
- The state has its own Constitution.
- All provisions of the Indian Constitution are not applicable to the state, law passed by the Parliament apply to Jammu and Kashmir only if the state agrees.
The two opposite reactions provoked by this special status among the people are
- People outside of Jammu and Kashmir believe that special status by Article 370 does not allow full integration with India. Thus, they demand cancellation of Article 370, so that Jammu and Kashmir could become like any other state in India.
- Most of the Kashmiris believe that the autonomy conferred under Article 370 is not enough.
Question 29.
Political parties are no longer aligned on ideological grounds in the new era of coalition politics”. Explain. (6)
Or
Write about the establishment of Mandal Commission? Write any four recommendations of the commission.
Answer:
“Political parties are no longer aligned on ideological grounds in the new era of coalition politics”. This statement can be understood with the help of following points. These are
- Unstable Government : The coalition government has its own interest and they fight for their own self interest. This leads to the breakup of not only of various fronts, but of governments as well.
- Political Opportunism : Government formed on the basis of coalition becomes selfish, as opportunist, power hungry and unscrupulous politicians focus on the self-interest only.
- Lack of Polarisation : The coalition governments are formed not on the basis of polarisation of political forces, but for the sake of capturing power and vested interest. There have been no sincere urge even among the parties of same ideology for political polarisation.
Or
In 1978, the Central Government established a commission to investigate and recommend methods to ameliorate (improve) the conditions of the poor. As a result, the commission was dubbed (termed) as the second backward classes commission. The Committee is commonly referred to as the Mandal Commission after its chairperson, Bindeshwari Prasad Mandal.
Recommendations of the Mandal Commission was as below
(i) The Mandal Commission was set up to investigate the extent of education and social backwardness among various sections of Indian society. It recommended ways of identifying these backward classes. It was also expected to give its recommendations on the ways in which this backwardness could be ended. The commission gave its recommendations in 1980.
(ii) The Commission advised that ‘backward classes’ should be understood to mean ‘backward castes’ since many castes, other than the Scheduled Castes, were also treated as low in the caste hierarchy.
(iii) It recommended reserving 27 per cent of seats in the educational institutions and government jobs for these groups. The Mandal Commission also made many other recommendations like land reforms, to improve the conditions of OBC’s.
(iv) In August 1990, the National Front Government decided to implement one of the recommendations of Mandal Commission. It was related to reservations for OBC’s in jobs at the Central Government level and its undertakings.
Question 30.
Suggest some steps that the Government of India should immediately take to save the environment. (6)
Or
Explain any four environmental concerns in global politics.
Answer:
The Government of India should take the following steps to save the environment
- Ensure sustainable and equitable use of resources without degrading the environment or risking health or safety and improve condition and productivity of degraded areas.
- Conserve and enhance natural and man-made heritage including biological diversity of unique ecosystems.
- Raising awareness and understanding of the link between environment and development.
- Promoting individual and community participation and proposing strategies, mechanisms, economic and social instruments for improving environment quality.
- Construction of dams to impound rain water, use of sprinklers, drip or trickle irrigation technique, recycling of water for industrial and domestic purposes will help in conservation of the invaluable water resource.
Or
The environmental concerns are becoming important in global politics due to following issues
(i) Loss of Expansion and Fertility : Across the vast expanse of land, the fertility is no longer as before and at the same time, the cultivable land is not expanding further, grasslands and fisheries have been over-exploited. There is hardly any food production on the polluted and depleted water bodies.
(ii) Lack of Safe Water and Sanitation : The Human Development Report 2006 of the United Nations Development Programme claims that 1.2 billion population in developing nations do not get the supply of pure and safe water and 2.6 billion population do not have proper sanitation facilities which leads to the loss of life of more than three million children per year.
(iii) Deforestation : Forest have the power to control the climate, moderate water supplies and take care of the bio-diversity. Forest are precious to our planet, unfortunately the act of deforestation takes place for personal gains, removing the natural inhabitants. Hence, we lose those lands that are rich in quality and species.
(iv) Ozone Hole The reduction in the total amount of ozone in the Earth’s stratosphere is known as ozone hole. The ozone layer depletion is a great threat to ecosystem and human health. Some measures instantly have to be taken to improve the conditions.
(v) Coastal Pollution The coastal waters unlike the open sea waters have become depleted as a result of the actions taking place on land if proper measures are not taken the conditions will worsen across the globe degrading the marine environment. (Any four)
Value