Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 11 Psychology and Sports is part of Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions. Here we have given Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 11 Psychology and Sports.
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 11 Psychology and Sports
1 Mark Questions
Question 1.
What is sports psychology?
OR
Define sports psychology.
Answer:
Sports psychology is that branch of psychology which is intimately connected with human F behaviour on the playfield, both under practice and competitive situations, with a view to bring about qualitative improvement in performance and maintain the same even during the stresses of competition.
Question 2.
Define personality.
Answer:
According to Ogburn and Nimkoff, “The totality of sentiments, attitude, idea, habits, skills and behaviours of an individual is personality.
Question 3.
What are coping strategies?
Answer:
Coping strategies are a conscious effort to solve personal and interpersonal problems. They are of two types problem-focused coping . and emotion-focused coping.
Question 4.
What do you understand by aggression in sports?
Answer:
In sports, aggression means the desire to harm another player which is not within the laws of the game. For example, pushing another player over a game in football or using abusive language for other players or teams,
Question 5.
What is motivation?
Answer:
Motivation means to be inspired to do something a process through which an individual is inspired or stimulated to act in a particular fashion or manner towards a particular direction.
Question 6.
What are the types of motivation?
Answer:
There are two types of motivation
- Internal or intrinsic motivation
- External or extrinsic motivation
Question 7.
What is intrinsic motivation? Delhi 2016
Answer:
This motivation is within an individual and guides him to perform better. It is based upon needs, interest, nature, emotions, social needs etc.
Question 8.
How extrinsic’motivation may sometimes kill intrinsic motivation? (CBSE Model Question Paper 2015)
Answer:
Extrinsic motivation may kill intrinsic motivation sometimes because the physical appearance of something has more influence on the mind of an athlete.
3 Marks Questions
Question 9.
What is the importance of sports psychology?
Answer:
The importance of sports psychology can be understood from the following’points
- It analyses the behaviour of sportsmen.
- It identifies talent for specific sport’s.
- It creates a better learning situation.
- It stabilises the performance of a sportsperson for a longer period.
- It is important from the research point of view.
- It encourages the players to make a comeback in professional sports.
Question 10.
Explain any two techniques to manage stress.
Answer:
Two techniques to manage stress are –
- Aim to Exercise Regularly Exercise dissipates the adrenaline that builds up in stressful situations and leaves us with a feeling or sense of achievement and control.
- Eat Healthy Ensure that you are getting adequate vitamins and minerals in your diet. One recommendation that very few of us manage to follow is to eat 5 servings of fruit and vegetables every day.
Question 11.
What are the types of personality as given by Sheldon?
Answer:
The personality types on the basis of physical attributes are given by William Herbert Sheldon. These are as follows
- Endomorph The endomorph is physically quite round, with wide hips, narrow shoulders, which makes them pear-shaped. Lot of fat is spread across the body. They are sociable, fun-loving, tolerant, even-tempered, good-humoured, relaxed and love food.
- Ectomorph They are quite the opposite of endomorph. They have narrow shoulders and hips, thin, narrow face, high forehead, thin, narrow chest and very little body fat. They are self-conscious, private, introvert, socially anxious, intense, emotionally restrained and thoughtful.
- Mesomorph They are somewhere between endomorph and ectomorph. They have large head, broad shoulders, narrow waist (wedge-shaped), muscular body, strong limbs and little body fat. They are well proportioned. They are adventurous, courageous, assertive, bold, competitive, with a desire to dominate, take risk, rise to power.
Question 12.
What are the personality types as formulated by Carl Jung?
Answer:
The personality type on mental basis is formulated by Carl Jung.
These are as follows
- Extroverts Have more self-confidence, take more interest in others, are outgoing, lively and realistic. They are very social and form friends quite easily. Actors, social and political leaders etc belong to this group.
- Introverts Are too self-conscious, more interested in their own thoughts and ideas, self-centred, shy, reserved and lovers of solitude. They do not make friends easily and keep in the background on social occasions. Philosophers, poets, artists and scientists belong to this class.
- Ambiverts Doubting whether people can be divided into these two extremes, he put most of the people in this category and they have been labelled as ‘ambiverts.’ The ambiverts are a mixture of both the extremes in a balanced manner. Ambiverts are neither outgoing nor reserved to themselves. They are able to adjust themselves to any situation.
Question 13.
Explain the type of aggression in sports.
Answer:
There are two types of aggression in sports
- Instrumental Aggression It is a type of aggression in which behaviour is directed at the target as a means to an end. For example, injuring a player to gain a competitive advantage or stopping an opponent from scoring.
- Hostile Aggression It is a type of aggression in which behaviour is aimed toward another person who has angered or provoked the individual and is an end in itself. For example, hitting an opponent who has just been aggressive against the player. It is generally proceeded by anger.
Question 14.
Explain two techniques of motivation.
Answer:
Two techniques of motivation are
- Level of Aspiration/ Goal Setting As we know that achieving performance goals is a sign of competence that affects motivation positively, it is necessary to set realistic goals based on one’s own abilities.
- Identifying Incentive Factors If an athlete perceives that any particular kind of experiences are available to him in a given sport and he feels that these will be pleasant, enjoyable or satisfying, then he will choose to participate in that game or sport and not any other.
Question 15.
Explain goal setting as a technique of motivation in brief. CBSE 2012
Answer:
Goal setting technique is one of the most important techniques of motivation. If you do not set a goal, you cannot achieve an apex position in life. A person should set goals according to one’s capabilities on a regular basis. Coaches should not be too rigid while setting goals for a sportsperson. There should be some flexibility in their approach.
Question 16.
What is meant by motivation? Explain the different techniques of motivation for higher achievement in sports. All India 2017
Answer:
Motivation is a process through which an individual is inspired or stimulated to act in a particular fashion or manner towards a particular direction.
Techniques of motivation for higher achievement in sports are
- Knowing Your Athlete Each athlete comes from a different background with varied experiences and having different degrees of maturity.
- Level of Aspiration/ Goal Setting As we know that achieving performance goals is a sign of competence that affects motivation positively, it is necessary to set realistic goals based on one’s own abilities.
- Identifying Incentive Factors If an athlete perceives that any particular kind of experiences are available to him in a given sport and he feels that these will be pleasant, enjoyable or satisfying, then he will choose to participate in that game or, sport and not any other.
5 Marks Questions
Question 17.
Define sports psychology and elucidate its importance in the field of sports.
Answer:
Sports psychology is that branch of psychology which is intimately connected with human behaviour on the playfield, both under practice and competitive situations, with a view to bring about qualitative improvement in performance and maintain the same even during the stresses of competition.
Importance of sports psychology is due to
- Analysing the Behaviour of Sportsmen Performance of a player depends upon the behaviours which are influenced by various factors such as sex differences, family conditions, personal background, heredity, growth, physical and mental maturity levels etc.
- Identifying Talent for Specific Sports Every sport has specific psychological demands e.g. boxing requires more aggressiveness, whereas archery and shooting require more concentration.
- Stabilising the Performance for Longer Period It helps in stabilising the performance of a player for a longer period. Then the performance of the player largely depends upon his psychological makeup and anxiety level.
- Important from Research Point of View Sports psychologists work in very close proximity to coaches to uplift the erformance of players. Research findings help in promotion of sports and games.
- Encouraging the Players to Make a Comeback in Professional Sports Sports psychology encourages the players, who, due to injury or some accident, are forced to take a long break from their professional career, to return to their sport.
Question 18.
Explain the structure of personality.
Describe the role of sports in developing the personality, (Delhi 2016)
Answer:
The word personality is derived from Latin word persona meaning the mask. In ancient Greece, the actors used to wear masks to hide their identities while portraying their roles in a theatrical play.
To an ordinary person the word personality conveys the meaning of one’s physical appearance, his habits, his ways of dressing, his reputation, his manners and other similar characteristics.
So, personality basically reveals the psychological make-up of ah individual through his behaviour. In fact, it is the quality of a person’s total behaviour. Physical activities and sports play an important role in the development of personality of an individual.
One of the primary and apparent aspects of one’s personality is one’s physical appearance. Children, as well as adults, boys as well as girls, all, are very much concerned about how they look. Physical activities are conducive to the growth and development of the physique. Robust and athletic physique does enhance one’s personality. Poise, grace, agility and the manner one carries oneself have a great impact on one’s personality.
Question 19.
Participation in sport results in the all-round development of personality. Justify.
Answer:
Games and sports are essential for the all- round development of personality.
It is by participating in games and sports that we can develop and maintain our health, keep our body alert, active, youthful and energetic. Participation increases blood circulation and we get an increased supply of oxygen. This makes a person healthier. Only a healthy person can work long, hard and cheerfully.
An unhealthy person may not take as much interest in work. Games and sports have additional benefits to exercise as they are played in groups and in a healthy competitive spirit.
Among many other things, they help develop cooperation, quality of leadership, team spirit and a willingness to submit to, and further, the rule of law. Games instil in participants the spirit of self-reliance, justice, fair play and sporting spirit. They make people bold, adventurous, social, disciplined and more conscious of their responsibilities towards society and the nation. People participating regularly in games and sports have been found better equipped to fight superstitions, communalism, obscurantism and a narrow approach to issues of national interest.
Games also help in overcoming feelings of violence, arrogance and superiority as these are purged by providing them a sufficient outlet through them. A sportsperson may not lose his or her temper and morale even in the face of defeat because he/she would take it coolly, calmly and then would try to perform better the next time.
Players know that victory and defeat are two aspects of the same coin. There is more joy in playing than in its end result. Thus, participation in sport results in the all-round development of personality.
Question 20.
Define stress. How stress can be tackled by the players? (CBSE Model Question Paper 2015)
Answer:
Stress can be defined as a physical, mental or emotional demand, which tends to disturb the homeostasis of the body.” Stress is experienced when individuals feel that they cannot cope with a situation with which they are presented.
If athletes are in a stressful situation, then their athletic performance will be affected. This stress may arise because of commitments in the areas of work, study, sports, family and social life. When commitments in a number of areas coincide, then stress can arise. By proper planning, the stress can be tackled or reduced. Some steps can be taken to reduce stress.
These are
- Exercise Regularly Regular exercise can control stressful situation.
- Eat Healthy Balanced diet enriched with vitamins and minerals should be taken.
- Get Enough Sleep Get enough sleep for proper rest and sleeping hours may vary person to person.
- Accept Mistake and Set Realistic Goals Learn from mistakes and set realistic achievable goals.
- Knowing your Own Strength and Weakness Accept your own drawbacks and strength and plan the action according to it.
- Better Time Management Better time management saves time and helps to pre-plan the programme which ultimately can reduce stress.
Following these steps, a player can easily tackle stress in his life.
Value-Based Question
Question 21.
Your friend is under a lot of stress as he is not able to take even a single wicket in cricket match series. Suggest ways by which you can help him to come out of stress.
Answer:
There are two ways by which I can help him to come out of stress. First is by adopting a problem-focused coping strategy, in which I will ask him to find the root cause of his problem such as to check the bowling speed, pace, style and length of delivery. Then suggest him to find out ways of improving it. For this, he can take help of his coach. Second is by adopting the emotion-focused coping strategy.
Here I will ask him to disengage from that situation by doing some new activity or simply relaxing, watching TV, take him to movies, listen to music etc.
1 Mark Questions
Question.1. What is anxiety? [CBSE2013]
Answer. Anxiety is a disturbed state of the body or an unrealistic and unpleasant state of body and mind. It,is accompanied by nervousness, restlessness, increased heart rate, sweating, drying of the mouth, apprehension of danger, fear and rapid shallow breathing.
Question.2. What is ethics in sports?
Answer. Ethics is a branch or subdiscipline of philosophy called axiology, the study of values. Ethics in sports means to have an ideal conduct and knowledge of good and evil and what should be done and not to be done by a person.
Ethical behaviour in sports includes:
- sportsmanship
- good character
- fair play
- cooperative and self- disciplined behaviour
Question.3. What is sports psychology?
Or
Define sports psychology.
Answer. Sports psychology is the branch of applied psychology which deals with sports performance and the behaviour of a player during training/competitions.
Question.4.What is motivation?
Answer.Motivation means to be inspired to do something. It is a kind of inner force which energises a person to make constant effort.
Question.5.What are the types of motivation?
Answer.(i) Internal or natural (intrinsic) motivation.
(ii) External or artificial (extrinsic) motivation
Question.6.Define anxiety in one sentence.
Answer.Anxiety is a chronic fear that limits our ability to carry out normal functions.
Question.7.What is intrinsic motivation?
Answer.This motivation is within an individual and guides him to perform better. It is based upon needs, interest, nature, emotions, social needs etc.
Question.8.What are the causes and symptoms of anxiety in sports?
Answer.Causes:
- Genetics
- Brain chemistry
- Environmental factors
- Stress
Symptoms:
- Feeling restlessness
- Muscular tension
- Nervousness
- Headache
- Increased BP
- Confusion
Question.9.How extrinsic motivation may sometimes kill intrinsic motivation?
Answer.Extrinsic motivation may kill intrinsic motivation sometimes because the physical appearance of something has more influence on the mind of an athlete.
Question.10.What do you understand by self-esteem?
Answer.Self-esteem means how you value and respect yourself as a person. It is the real opinion you have of yourself. It impacts how you take care of yourself physically, emotionally and spiritually.
3 Marks Questions
Question.11. Explain any three causes of anxiety.
Answer. The various causes of anxiety are (any three):
- Uncertainty about Result Competitions provide challenge and stimulation. It is in the field of unpredictability. The outcome is not known. One is under pressure for one’s achievements.
- Level of Competition The more important the contest, the greater is the stress or level of anxiety for that particular competition.
- Expectations of Spectators The spectators have a huge role or impact on how athletes feel. The expectations are more when it is a home venue.
- Possibility of Getting Hurt This can be a source of anxiety, especially in games like boxing, martial arts, gymnastics etc because the chances of injury are more.
- Expectations of Success Some athletes take up the challenge and are psyched up to perform better and get success, whereas some are not coming upto the expectations and are psyched-out, which causes failure.
Question.12. Explain goal setting as a technique of motivation in brief. [CBSE 2012]
Answer. Goal setting technique is one of the most important techniques of motivation. If you do not set a goal, you cannot achieve an apex position in life. A person should set goals according to one’s capabilities on a regular basis. Coaches should not be too rigid while setting goals for a sportsperson. There should be some flexibility in their approach.
Question.13. Explain two techniques of motivation.
Answer. Two techniques of motivation are:
- Goal Setting Sportsmen should be encouraged to set a few ambitious but achievable long-term as well as medium-term goals, e.g. if a person wants to get a good position or a medal in Olympic Games, he should also set the goals for getting a position in Asian or National Games.
- Elaborate Arrangement of Competition Sports persons perform better in competitions if there are elaborate arrangements of competition. However, an inexperienced sportsperson may not be able to put up a good show.
Question.14. What is the importance of sports psychology?
Answer. The importance of sports psychology can be understood from the following points:
- It analyses the behaviour of sportsmen.
- It identifies talent for specific sports.
- It creates a better learning situation.
- It stabilises the performance of a sportsperson for a longer period.
- It is important from the research point of view.
- It encourages the players to perform better.
Question.15. Explain any three techniques of motivation for higher achievement in sports.
Answer.Techniques of motivation for higher achievement in sports are
- Healthy Sports Environment A healthy sports environment plays a vital role in motivating the sportsperson. Healthy sport environment consists of proper humidity and temperature, smooth and clean sports fields, good quality of sports equipment and other facilities. .
- Positive Attitude For proper motivation, the coaches should try to encourage positive attitude among sportspersons. Players must think positively.
- Cash Prizes, Certificates and Trophies These are good incentives to sportspersons. Governments offer cash prizes to sportspersons who win.
Question.16. What is the role of anxiety in sports?
Answer. Anxiety plays an important role in sports. It is an essential ingredient of any competitive situation. Anxiety levels differ from athlete to athlete and from situation to situation. Athletes learn how to cope with stressful and competitive situations and manage anxiety with or assistance from a coach, otherwise they would not be able to give outstanding performances.
Question.17. How can you manage anxiety in sports?
Answer. Anxiety can be managed by:
- Keeping cool
- Yogic meditation
- Biofeedback
- Following a behaviour modification strategy
- Progressive relaxation breathing technique
- Somatic adjustment (control of cognitive processes)
- Guidance from a technically trained sports psychologist
Question.18. What are general sports ethics?
Answer. Sports ethics means the code of conduct of players, coaches, supervisors and administrators of various organisations. Ethics such as honesty, fairplay, obedience of rules, discipline and many moral behaviours are developed through participation.
Some common ethics related to sports are:
- Winning and losing gracefully.
- Getting recognition, name and fame without using unfair means.
- Loyalty towards his/her team, game, institution or country.
Question.19. What principles should be followed for goal setting?
Answer. Principles to be followed for goal setting are:
- Make goals specific, measurable, and observable.
- Clearly identify time constraints.
- Use moderately difficult goals; they are superior to either easy or very difficult goals.
- Write goals down and regularly monitor progress.
- Use a mix of process, performance, and outcome goals.
- Use short range goals to achieve long range goals.
- Set team as well as individual performance goals.
- Set practice as well as competition goals.
- Make sure goals are internalised by the athlete.
- Consider personality and individual differences in goal setting.
Question.20. Explain any two techniques to manage stress.
Answer. Two techniques to manage stress are:
- Participation in Physical Activities Physical exercises of moderate to high intensity, like aerobic exercises, are one of the”best methods to relieve stress. Physically fit persons are more resistant to the effects of stress than others.
- Achieve a High Level of Physical Fitness Achieving fitness is important to manage stress advantageously, while not eliminating it totally. Too little or too severe stress both lower performance in sports.
5 Marks Questions
Question.21. Define sports psychology and elucidate its importance in the field of sports.
Answer. Sports psychology is the branch of applied psychology which deals with sports performance and the behaviour of a player during training or competitions.
Importance of Sports Psychology is due to :
- Learning of Motor Skills Sports psychology plays a major role in the learning of motor skills. Motor ; skills learning depends on the dividual’s level of readiness.
- Analysing the Behaviour of Sportsmen Performance of a player depends upon the behaviours which are influenced by various factors such as sex differences, family conditions, personal background, heredity, growth, physical and mental maturity levels etc.
- Identifying Talent for Specific Sports Every sports has specific psychological demands, e.g. boxing requires more aggressiveness, whereas archery and shooting require more concentration.
- Stabilising the Performance for Longer Period It helps in stabilising the performance of a player for a longer period. Then the performance of the player largely depends upon his psychological make up and anxiety level.
- Important from Research Point of View Sports psychologists works in very close proximity to coaches to uplift the performance of players. Research findings help in promotion of sports and games.
- Encouraging the Players to Make a Comeback in Professional Sports Sports psychology encourages the players, who, due to injury or some accident, are forced to take a long break from their professional career, to return to their sport.
Question.22. What is motivation? Explain different types of motivation.
Answer. Motivation means to be inspired to do something. It is a kind of inner force which energises a man to make constant effort.
According to Crook and Stein, “Motivation is any condition that might energise and direct our action.”
Types of Motivation
There are two types of motivation:
- Intrinsic Motivation This motivation is within an individual and guides him/her to perform better. It is based upon needs, interest, nature, emotions, social need etc. It also depends upon knowledge of result, personal factor, competition zeal etc. He/she participates in sports for his/her own sake.
- Extrinsic Motivation This motivation depends upon environmental factors. It has a great impact on an individual’s performance. It is of various types like rewards, punishment, active participation, test evaluation, teaching methods, equipment and surroundings etc.
Question.23. Participation in sport results in all-round development of personality. Justify.
Answer. Games and sports are essential for the all- round development of personality. It is by participating in games and sports that we can develop and maintain our health, keep our body alert, active, youthful and energetic. Participation increases blood circulation and we get an increased supply of oxygen. This makes a person healthier. Only a healthy person can work long, hard and cheerfully. An unhealthy person may not take as much interest in work.
Games and sports have additional benefits to exercise as they are played in groups and in a healthy competitive spirit. Among many other things, they help develop cooperation, quality of leadership, team spirit and a willingness to submit to, and further, the rule of law. Games instil in participants the spirit of self-reliance, justice, fair play and sporting spirit. They make people bold, adventurous, social, disciplined and more conscious of their responsibilities towards society and the nation. People participating regularly in games and sports have been found better equipped to fight superstitions, communalism, obscurantism and a narrow approach to issues of national interest.
Games also help in overcoming feelings of violence, arrogance and superiority as these are purged by providing them a sufficient outlet through them. A sports person may not lose his or her temper and morale even in the face of defeat because he/ she would take it coolly, calmly and then would try to perform better the next time. Players know that victory and defeat are two aspects of the same coin. There is more joy in playing than in its end result. Thus, participation in sport results in all-round development of personality.
Physical EducationNCERT SolutionsRD Sharma Solutions
We hope the Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 11 Psychology and Sports help you. If you have any query regarding Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 11 Psychology and Sports, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.